2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Japanese grapes (lat. Vitis coignetiae) - a representative of the genus Grapes of the Grape family. Naturally grows in Korea, Japan and Sakhalin Island. Typical places are the coast of the Sea of Japan and river valleys. Other names are Kempfer Grape or Coigne Grape.
Characteristics of culture
The Japanese grape is a powerful woody liana with a trunk reaching a length of 16-20 m and covered with dark bark. The leaves are rounded or ovoid, dark green, three-lobed, with rounded-triangular or sharp, serrated or jagged edges, up to 30 cm long. In autumn, the foliage acquires a dark purple and crimson-red color. The Japanese grapes cling to the support due to the antennae, capable of making circular movements. The flowers are small, collected in tomentose-pubescent short brushes, the length of which varies from 6 to 16 cm. Fruits are spherical, black-violet or black-purple, edible, have a sweet taste with tart notes, contain 2-4 seeds. Japanese grapes are frost-resistant, also characterized by rapid growth.
The subtleties of growing
Japanese grapes are picky about growing conditions. The culture is photophilous and needs intensely lit areas, a light openwork shade is possible. In shady areas, the plants stagnate and form rather small fruits. Soils for successful cultivation must be fertile, light, loose, neutral. The considered variety of grapes does not accept heavy clay, strongly acidic, saline and waterlogged soils. The culture does not like thickening, the optimal distance between plants is about 1 m. On heavy soils, drainage from sand or broken brick with a layer of 10-15 cm is desirable.
Saplings are planted in spring or autumn. Autumn landing is preferable. The dimensions of the planting pit are 50 * 60 cm or 50 * 50 cm. Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in a clay mash, which is made up of water (9-10 l), clay (350-400 g), ferrous sulfate (200 g) and 12 % chlorophos (200 g). The soil taken out of the pit is mixed with peat, humus and coarse sand in a ratio of 4: 1: 3: 2. The introduction of mineral fertilizers is encouraged, such a procedure will speed up the process of survival of seedlings in a new place. Although with a spring planting, it can be postponed until late summer - early autumn.
Japanese grapes are propagated by seed and vegetatively (cuttings and layering). Seeds are sown in autumn or spring. In the second case, cold seed stratification is required for 2-4 months. Plants obtained by sowing seeds bloom for the first time and give yields only for 5-6 years, which is why this method is not popular among gardeners. The simplest and most effective method is propagation by lignified cuttings. Cuttings are rooted in a nutrient mixture in greenhouses, the formed material is planted in a permanent place in the second year.
Care
Japanese grapes are hygrophilous, but do not tolerate waterlogging. With an excess of moisture, it is affected by rot and other dangerous diseases. Also, the culture needs loosening, weeding, feeding and preventive treatments against diseases and pests. Various natural infusions are ideal for treatments. To simplify maintenance, the soil in the near-stem zone is mulched with organic material that is available, for example, peat. Top dressing can be done in early spring or early summer, that is, in June. As a top dressing, the introduction of urea (30-40 g), potassium chloride (20-30 g) and superphosphate (70-80 g) is not prohibited.
With a lag in growth, organic fertilizers (rotted manure or humus) and ammonium nitrate dissolved in water are introduced into the soil (15 g of ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water). Japanese grapes grow actively from June to August, at which time they are very sensitive to lack of attention. They need a garter to support and trim. Pruning consists in shortening the strong lashes by 1/3 part and trimming the side shoots into two buds. Japanese grapes are thermophilic, they cannot stand cold winters, so they need shelter. Spruce spruce branches or any other non-woven material are used as insulation, the near-trunk zone is insulated with peat or fallen leaves.
Usage
Japanese grapes are grown not only for fruit, widely used in cooking, but also as an ornamental plant for vertical gardening. Plants make very attractive awnings, arches and screens. Scourges of Japanese grapes will decorate any gazebo, the facade of a country house or cottage, tree trunks and a fence. The culture is suitable for the creation of autogenesis, because in the fall the foliage of the grapes acquires a rich crimson-red color. Grape fruits are used in the alcoholic industry and folk medicine. Antennae and leaves are also useful, from which infusions are prepared to combat diarrhea, vomiting and dysentery.
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