2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The verticillary wilting of grapes is also known as wilt. Infection with this scourge leads to the fact that most of the grafted young grape bushes, ready to give a full harvest for the first time, completely or partially wither completely or partially. At the same time, no external damage is observed on them. The wilt inflicts especially strong damage on vineyards with increased stress on the bushes. But not very productive and well-growing young bushes, verticillary wilting usually does not strike
A few words about the disease
The first signs of damage to grape bushes with wilt appear either at the beginning of summer or in the middle of it. As a rule, this happens when the soil moisture decreases and the air temperature rises noticeably. Part of the shoots in such conditions begins to die off, and the vascular parts of the wood often become discolored. And on the cuts of the roots of both old and young wood, one can often observe brownish marbling. This marbling is caused by the blockage of blood vessels, which in turn is caused by the fungus that populates the conducting vessels. The dying off of shoots is characterized by unevenness, in addition, this process is able to compensate for the rather intensive growth of new healthy shoots. And yet, a fairly large part of the shoots, which developed quite normally at the beginning of the growing season, unexpectedly dies off completely closer to the middle of summer.
Leaves on grape shoots attacked by the ill-fated misfortune acquire edge burns by the beginning of summer. And some time later they begin to fade and fall off ahead of time. The brushes located at the bases of the infected shoots dry out, while individual berries are mummified, but, nevertheless, do not fall off, but remain attached to the stalks.
As a rule, the symptoms of verticillary wilt lesion appear a year or two after infection, not earlier, and are largely determined by weather conditions and infectious load. Almost always, this ailment is accompanied by a lack of growth of grape bushes in the spring or a weak regrowth of shoots with their subsequent rapid withering. By the way, because of the sudden fading, this attack is also called apoplexy.
The causative agent of wilt is the pathogen Verticillium dahliae, which affects the roots of grape bushes and provokes wilting of the shoots. This fungus infects plants mainly through the soil and through the root system. Young plants are especially susceptible to his attacks, the productivity of which is declining. In general, the development of a harmful misfortune is due to an insufficient water supply of grape bushes and the defeat of their conducting system. Often, wilt also manifests itself if the vineyards are located in areas with contaminated soil. Moreover, in the first year after planting, grape bushes planted in the infected soil do not show any visible symptoms of verticillary wilting - in most cases, such symptoms begin to appear only in the second year, and in the second year, the manifestations of the disease can already be observed throughout the entire growing season. Grape bushes that had visible damage, but did not die, recover in five to six years, and in this case, they do not have a decrease in yield.
How to fight
Growing grapes on soils infected with verticillium is strongly discouraged. And since this attack can easily infect weeds and subsequently be transmitted with it, it is necessary to use herbicides in grape plantations - this will help to significantly reduce the infectious background.
If grape bushes are relatively weakly covered by verticillary wilt, they can be preserved by strict and quick unloading pruning. But the chemical means to overcome this disease have not yet been invented.
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