2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Rock grape (lat. Vitis rupestris) - a species of the genus Grapes of the family Grape. In nature, it grows on hills, sandy shores and mountain slopes in the eastern and southeastern regions of North America.
Characteristics of culture
Rock grape - liana, reaching a length of 1.5-2 m, with shoots of red-violet color, equipped with a few underdeveloped and drooping tendrils. The leaves are green, smooth, glabrous, shiny, dense, often three-lobed, rounded, orbicular-ovate or broadly bud-shaped, folded in half along the main vein. At a young age, the leaves are pubescent. Fruits are spherical, black-purple, purple and black, with a thin skin, up to 1, 4 cm in diameter, collected in small narrow clusters. The fruits are edible, have a pleasant taste and aroma.
Rocky grapes are relatively frost-hardy, withstand frosts down to -28C. Differs in drought resistance, calmly tolerates prolonged heat. Also, the species is resistant to phylloxera; in waterlogged areas, it is often affected by root mold. It does not tolerate limed soils, in such conditions the grapes are very lagging behind in growth and give low and low-quality fruit yields. It lends itself to grafting and grafting, is used as a rootstock and to obtain new hybrids. It is used as an ornamental plant, it is grown in large city gardens, parks and personal backyards.
Care
The most important thing is to provide good care for young plants at the age of 3-4 years. It is from this period that the further condition of the vines, their growth and the quality of the crop depend. In the first year of life, the planting site is kept clean of weeds, regular loosening of the soil is mandatory. Watering as the soil dries up; on hot days, the procedure is carried out more often. When the shoots reach a length of 6-8 cm, pruning is carried out, leaving 3-4 strong shoots. As you know, when planting seedlings, a low mound is formed around them, in the summer of the same year they are uncooked, making a shallow hole.
Systematically young plants are sprayed with solutions of colloidal sulfur and Bordeaux liquid, these preparations will prevent the defeat of oidium and mildew. In the fall, a trellis is installed in seedlings, it is also important for normal development. Plants need shelter for the winter. In the spring of the second year, the mounds, created to protect the root system from frost, again uncoil, while removing the overgrowth. In addition to this procedure, pruning is carried out. In the third year, work continues on the formation of vines, weeding, loosening and protection from diseases and pests are no less important.
To accelerate growth and create optimal conditions, rock grapes need additional feeding. Fertilizers are applied to a depth of 30-40 cm. Rotten manure is used from organic matter. Superficial application of humus is undesirable, this can lead to the appearance and active growth of weeds, which take away nutrients from the grapes. Mineral fertilizers, namely superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and potassium salt, are applied in early spring, their amount depends on the fertility and type of soil. Foliar dressing is less effective, but it can also saturate the plants with the necessary substances. This procedure is not forbidden to be carried out simultaneously with treatment against diseases and pests. Processing, as well as fertilization, is carried out in the early morning or evening, or in cloudy weather.
Pests and the fight against them
The most dangerous pests of rocky grapes and other pests of the genus are considered to be phylloxera. They are capable of damaging both aboveground and underground parts of plants. When the leaves are damaged, swellings are formed on them, called galls. With a small lesion of the aboveground parts, pruning and burning are performed, as well as treatment with insecticides, for example, Konfidor, Aktellik or Zolon. With a massive defeat, plants and nearby specimens are uprooted.
The danger to the culture is grape itch. It is often called grape mite, phytopsus or felt mite. They live on the upper side of the leaves in the form of tubercles, which are covered with felt hairs on the back. Grape itch often affects inflorescences, as a result, the petals turn red and fall off. Most often, the pest attacks hybrid varieties. To combat grape itch, spraying with a nitrafen solution (at the rate of 200 g per 10 liters of water), pollination with ground sulfur and treatment with insecticides are effective. Also for rocky grapes, grape and grape leaf rollers and spider mites are dangerous.
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