2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Fruit trees tend to grow in lengths of 5-10 meters or more. Taking care of such giants becomes problematic over time. Fruit picking is inconvenient. You have to use long stairs, risk your health, climbing to the very top. How to significantly reduce the growth of your pets, create undersized forms?
Growth reduction methods
There are several ways to reduce the size of a fruit tree:
• use of low-growing rootstocks as a basis;
• plant undersized varieties;
• tilt the branches, forcing them to grow parallel to the ground;
• trimming the leader;
• crown formation.
Each of these methods has both advantages and disadvantages.
Weak rootstocks are not found in all tree species. Instances grafted to a genetically low base have a weak root system. With a large vegetative mass, they need a stable support.
Strong spring pruning promotes strong regenerative shoot growth. Therefore, the procedure has to be repeated several times. Fruit yield is declining.
The formation of branches parallel to the ground entails an increase in the area occupied by the seedling. It is not always possible to freely place trees in the garden due to the small size of the site.
Horizontal landing
Growth can be suspended by breaking the vertical polarity by planting pets horizontally. Scientists conducted an experiment on almost all fruit crops (cherry, peach, walnut, apple, pear, quince, plum, apricot).
Unbranched specimens of the first year of life were bent to the ground, fixing the position of the stem with a wire. Over the summer, 3 branches of the first order, directed vertically, grew on them. The next year, the prepared trees were planted horizontally, with most of the roots pointing down. Those looking up were crushed, sprinkled with earth or shortened. The central leader was placed below ground level.
At the age of five, the trunk was 3 meters long. The branches were cut to 2.5 meters. No strong restorative growth was observed.
A control variant with the usual crown arrangement was planted next to it. Its height turned out to be 7 meters.
With the horizontal method of planting, the plants grow their own roots within 2 years, increasing the absorption capacity. When damaged by rodents, the crop growth is quickly restored.
The method is equally applicable to stone and pome breeds. They enter fruiting at 4-5 years of age.
Care features
For the first 3 years, an unusual garden requires close attention from the owner. It is obligatory to prune branches that thicken the crown of young trees. Shoots going inward are removed. They try to observe the distance between adjacent growths of 15-20 cm so that they interfere with each other.
Early formed ovaries are removed, up to the age of five, allowing the trees to develop a good vegetative mass.
Timely watering during dry periods will help the active growth of its own root system. Additional hilling of the trunks will create a breathable loose layer. Mulching the surface with peat, sawdust will reduce moisture evaporation.
Method advantages
The formation of a "recumbent" garden has a number of positive qualities:
1. Plants naturally reduce growth without additional pruning.
2. Heat-loving crops winter well in colder climates under snow cover. The breeds are moving north.
3. The yield per square meter of crown projection increases.
4. Plants take on the appearance of a bush.
5. Formation of a "hedge" allows the use of fruit trees in a new quality.
6. Facilitates the care of seedlings.
7. It is more convenient to harvest without the use of high ladders. The flexibility of the branches allows you to tilt them for picking fruit.
8. The bushy form safely tolerates severe winters.
9. Saves from summer drought.
10. Own roots can increase the supply of nutrients to the top of the plant.
This is not a complete list of the advantages of horizontal landing.
Adhering to the described technique, you will get a low-growing garden with a beautifully formed crown in the form of a wall. High yields will be an additional bonus for unusual plantings.
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