2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Information for those who use the site rationally. How to create luxurious exotic beauty and useful plantation on waste land, in shady places. About fern varieties, edible varieties, breeding secrets, harvest time
Why are edible ferns grown?
Fern in the garden business is planted in order to obtain a delicious product, although in Korea, Japan, China and other Asian countries, these plants have long been used in cooking and do not belong to delicacies in nutrition.
Young shoots are prepared in different ways: they are stewed, fried, boiled, pickled, fresh rachises are added to salads. This is not only delicious food, but also healthy. Fern has a range of medicinal properties, is an excellent immunostimulant. Traditional healers recommend eating fresh shoots after prolonged illness, to recuperate.
What types of ferns can be grown in the garden?
Fern can be grown in all regions of our country, the only exception will be the northern zones. Of the 200 species, 50 are suitable for the natural flora of our forests, the rest are thermophilic and grow in the tropics.
Garden varieties, distinguished by the special beauty and splendor of the feather-like leaf (frond), some of them are edible. Food shoots - "rachis", are tasty and healthy. Many gardeners breed this herb not only to decorate the landscape, but also for food. In Russia, the owners of suburban areas grow two varieties of edible fern: Ostrich and Orlyak.
Bracken Fern (Pteridium aguillinum)
fern bracken
Translated from Latin, it sounds like an eagle's wing, which corresponds to the similarity of the leaf with the wing of a large bird. There is a lot of bracken in our forests, in shady and humid places it actively grows, creating continuous coverings. This species is frost-resistant, the usual height is 50 cm, in favorable conditions it rises up to one and a half meters. It has a very long filamentous rhizome that forms new shoots, which explains the spread over large areas. The leaf is light green in summer, with the onset of frost it acquires the effect of a bronze tint.
Bracken is an edible species. The collection time is quite short - only a few days, until the young shoots have reached a height of 20 cm, this is 5-10 days old. After the leaf begins to unfold, the rachises acquire a rigid structure and become unsuitable for cooking. If the bracken is grown on the site, then it is not recommended to cut off more than a third of the shoots at the same time, otherwise the plantation will dry out. Planting bracken on a suburban area looks decorative, and practically does not require maintenance, which is attractive for all gardeners.
Fern Ostrich
Fern Ostrich
It has many names: Bedbug, Razorfoil, Sparrow, Black Paport and others. Outwardly, it is similar to Orlyak, but differs in a more pronounced vertical rosette, consisting of double-pinnate leaves. It reproduces in all possible ways: stolons, spores, mustache-layers, quickly growing to the ground at the point of contact. It recovers quickly after cutting the shoots, forming shoots that are ready for a new harvest in 2-3 weeks. Thanks to this, green rachises can be regularly obtained during the season.
Asplenium (Kostenets)
Fern is very decorative and, of course, edible properties are not the main thing, it is popular as an interesting design element. The graceful leaves of this plant perfectly brighten up any composition, they are also great in mono arrangement in any place.
The most common subspecies of Asplenium in our suburban areas are several varieties adapted to the conditions of middle latitudes. They are sold in horticultural markets, nurseries and elsewhere.
1. The nested asplenium has a long leaf (80-100 cm) with a coriaceous structure. It can grow on snags, heaps of foliage - it does not need soil. There are dwarf varieties for planting in rock gardens, rockeries. Prefers shade and moisture.
2. Bulbiferous asplenium belongs to viviparous species, as it reproduces by children. The frond structure is relief-carved, light green, 50-60 cm high. It is thermophilic enough - it requires shelter before wintering or digging out rhizomes, followed by storage in a cellar / refrigerator.
3. Viviparous asplenium is a beautiful fountain of half-meter curved leaves. Reproduction takes place by buds, which are formed on the leaf. When they hit the ground, they germinate, and new baby bushes appear. Therefore, for breeding, it is enough to buy one copy and in the future it will provide independent intensive reproduction. It does not require any maintenance, only watering during a drought period.
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