2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The five-spotted weevil is almost ubiquitous and damages peas with lentils and a number of other crops. Often sunflower seedlings and clover with vetch also suffer from its attacks. The five-spotted weevil is especially common in Kazakhstan and Siberia, as well as in the European part of Russia and in the south of the CIS. In some sources, this parasite is also called a spotted weevil. It damages growing crops quite strongly: the stems with cotyledons damaged by it lead to drying out of the plants, and the beans attacked by the gluttonous pest are deformed and rather quickly stop their development
Meet the pest
The five-point weevil is a beetle whose size ranges from 3.5 to 4 mm. From above, the bodies of these lovers of peas are densely covered with shiny red scales, and the undersides of their bodies are covered with white scales. Their antennae are geniculate, and on each of the elytra one can notice a couple of small specks. The lower body of the pests and the sutures of the elytra are usually white, and the hind femora are equipped with large teeth.
The larvae of five-spot weevils grow up to 6 - 7 mm in length and are endowed with brownish heads. They themselves are painted in light yellow shades, and their body is somewhat curved.
Wintering of bugs, and sometimes underdeveloped larvae, takes place mainly under the remains of plants or in the soil. Approximately in the first half of May, the bugs begin to get out of the wintering grounds. This happens mainly when the upper soil layer warms up to twelve degrees or more. And as soon as tiny pea shoots appear, you can observe the active migration of bugs. In addition to legumes, their additional food is fodder beans, perennial grasses and field radish. On their stalks with leaves, bugs gnaw holes, the diameter of which reaches five millimeters. Exactly the same pits are gnawed by them on the valves of beans and peas. As a rule, mass infestation of these crops by pests is observed at the end of May and in the first half of June.
Females lay eggs through the holes made inside the beans, three to seven at a time, and their total fertility reaches about sixty eggs. After five to seven days, the larvae begin to revive, gnawing the shells of the grains and eating away their contents. Harmful larvae feed in this way for about a month, while they, as a rule, do not pass from one bean to another. But in one grain several larvae can develop at once. When their development ends, the larvae make holes in the pods and fall to the ground. Already on the ground, in the upper soil layers, they begin to form cradles, in which they will then pupate.
Around August-September, young bugs form, remaining until spring at a depth of up to six centimeters in the soil. Only one generation of five-spot weevils manages to develop per year.
How to fight
The best preventive measures against five-spot weevils are early plowing of the soil and stubble cultivation. It is also necessary to observe the spatial isolation of pea plantings from the favorite wintering places of these gluttonous parasites. And after harvesting, the plots on which the peas were grown are thoroughly plowed - deep autumn tillage will certainly do a good job.
In the event that the number of five-spot weevils is especially high, they switch to spraying with insecticides. Spraying growing crops with solutions of "Parathion" or "Vofatox" helps to achieve a good effect. Not later than a couple of weeks before harvesting peas, it is also allowed to process it with Karbofos. However, in this case, the resulting peas are best used for seeds. Excellent help in the fight against five-point weevils and drugs such as "Iskra", "Diazon 60" and "Decis Profi".
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