2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Gray rot of tulips - attack, spreading at lightning speed. For this it is sometimes called "fire". The cool and rather rainy weather is especially favorable for the spread of the disease, contributing to the active life of the fungus. As a rule, flowers planted on heavy soils suffer most from this ailment. And it affects not only all the aerial parts of beautiful flowers (buds, flowers and stems with leaves), but also bulbs. In this case, the bulbs are affected with the same force both during the growing season and during the storage stage
A few words about the disease
On the areas of tulips attacked by gray rot, depressed and painted in yellowish-grayish spots form, having the most varied shape and size. Their size at high humidity increases rather quickly, and they begin to become covered with a grayish bloom formed by fungal spores. The tissues of infected tulips dry out quickly, soften noticeably and acquire a pronounced ash-gray color. When looking at infected tulips, it seems that they are burned. By the way, thanks to this feature, the gray rot of beautiful flowers received another name - "tulip burn".
The stalks of infected flowers are bent, the buds stop developing, and if the flowers do form, they will be severely deformed and very ugly. The growing season in these plants is noticeably shortened, and therefore the bulbs that do not have time to grow to standard sizes are slowly becoming smaller.
On the outer scales of the affected bulbs, you can see yellowish-brownish specks surrounded by a reddish halo. When stored, they gradually shrink, darken and become much softer. Often there is also cracking of the bottom of the onions from the center to the edges. On the surfaces of the covering scales, black fungal sclerotia begin to form, turning into a new source of infection. In the case of a particularly powerful lesion, the bulbs completely rot during storage, and if the disease affects them weakly enough, then its manifestations in the form of pronounced spotting may go unnoticed, and the infected bulbs will be planted in flower beds. And in the spring they will give brown twisted and very weakened shoots, covered with a grayish bloom and subsequently dying.
Tulips can be affected by gray rot at all stages of their development, but they are especially susceptible at the budding stage. If conditions are favorable for the development of adversity, then the duration of the incubation period is from one to three days.
The causative agent of the destructive gray mold of tulips is a harmful fungus called Botryis tulipae. Fungal spores from crops attacked by the ill-fated disease are spread to healthy flowers, thereby provoking their infection.
The main sources of infection are soil and diseased bulbs. Fungal spores remain viable in the ground for four years. So in the spring, you should definitely take a good look at the shoots of beautiful flowers, immediately eliminating all suspicious and unhealthy specimens.
Strong spring frosts, excess nitrogen in the soil, lack of light, excessive thickening of plantings, as well as high humidity of the air and soil contribute to the spread of this destructive scourge.
How to fight
To prevent the damage of tulip bulbs with this devastating disease, flower plantings are powdered with a mixture of TMTD, ether sulfonal and sulfur in a 2: 1: 1 ratio. For one kilogram of onions, approximately 8 - 10 g of the product are consumed. By the way, TMTD can also be used in the form of a solution (0.3 - 0.5%) - with this solution the onions are etched for about half an hour. However, etching will only protect them from soil infection for a short time. In this regard, in order to protect tulips from a secondary infection, they will also need to be sprayed.
For spraying use "Euparen" (0, 5 - 1%), which is considered one of the most effective drugs against the ill-fated gray rot. You can also use a 1% Bordeaux mixture. And the number of treatments depends on the general state of the plantings, the degree of soil contamination and weather conditions. In most cases, two or three treatments are sufficient. Most often they are carried out three times: at the very beginning of the growing season of tulips, at the stage of budding and at the end of their flowering.
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