2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Gray rot, called moniliosis in science, is a fairly common and very dangerous fungal disease of various stone fruit trees: both cherries and apricots, cherry plums, plums and others. This attack manifests itself in various forms, affecting fruits, branches, ovaries and flowers. Leaves with flowers turn brown and dry up rather quickly, and rotting fruits are covered with tiny gray pads. In order not to lose the main part of the crop, it is necessary to fight with such a dangerous ailment
A few words about the disease
When infected with moniliosis, woody twigs and shoots acquire a brownish tint, wither and look like burnt. As the disease develops on the bark, the appearance of small grayish outgrowths can also be noted.
The fruits quickly rot - numerous gray and relatively small growths form on their surfaces. They are located rather chaotically. Such an arrangement allows them to distinguish gray rot from fruit - with the latter, all growths are arranged in ordered concentric circles.
The very first destructive moniliosis infected with wounds from insects and all kinds of mechanical damage to the fruit. The old branches attacked by the disease are covered with a fairly decent number of cracks, the formation of sagging is noted on them and gum appears. After some time, the infected branches die.
A destructive moniliosis manifests itself in the form of monilial burns (with the spring form of the lesion), fruit rot (summer form) and damage to the bark.
The overwintering of pathogens of the ill-fated moniliosis takes place mainly on infected branches and mummified fruits. The primary infection of trees with a similar scourge is noted during the flowering period in the presence of fogs, strong dews and rains. The spread of such a dangerous ailment also occurs mainly in the spring, during the flowering period, carried by insects and with the help of the wind by spores. In seasons characterized by high air humidity and rather protracted flowering, moniliosis spreads much more strongly.
How to fight
To prevent infection with moniliosis, it is extremely important to adhere to the basic rules of caring for fruit trees and agrotechnical standards. For cultivation, it is better to select the most resistant varieties.
Dead branches should be removed immediately, and infected fruits should be systematically collected and subsequently destroyed. When harvesting, it is extremely important to be careful so as not to accidentally cause any mechanical damage to vulnerable fruits and berries.
For storage, you should try to lay the fruits with the absence of any mechanical damage. And if suddenly signs of moniliosis are found on the stored cherry plum, apricot, sweet cherry, plum or cherry berries, such fruits are immediately removed from storage.
It is equally important to carry out various preventive measures aimed at combating geese, numerous weevils with moths, harmful caterpillars and other diseases and pests.
The whitewashing of skeletal branches and boles of fruit trees carried out in late autumn also helps to significantly restrain the development of the hated gray rot.
Trees, as well as the ground in gardens, are quite abundantly recommended to be sprayed with both oleocubrite and copper or iron vitriol, one percent Bordeaux liquid, and nutrafen. A similar spraying is carried out before the start of flowering. And immediately after it, one more thing is carried out: a solution of zineb, a one-percent Bordeaux liquid, copper oxychloride or solutions of cuprozan, phthalan or captan and other fungicides.
If you plan to take Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride for spraying, you should make sure in advance that they will not provoke leaf burns. For the purpose of testing, several so-called control branches are selected and initially sprayed exclusively on them. The appearance of burns can be judged by the manifestation of a characteristic mesh on the fruit or necrotic specks on the leaves.
It is also very important to take into account the fact that it is not recommended to fight gray rot with chemical means during the period of fruit formation.
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