2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The staircase, built on boles (consoles), fits harmoniously into any environment, saves space, and impresses with its lightness of construction. The cantilever ladder is called self-supporting, it is highly reliable and durable, although it does not have traditional visible supports. The steps can withstand increased loads up to 600 kg
Types, methods of fastening
A characteristic feature of all ladders is the support - a solid wall (timber, log, brick). If the wall is "liquid" or not strong enough, then a composite beam is installed to equip the structure or a wall stringer is made. The edges of the steps are fastened with bolts, which creates a light delicacy and weightlessness.
Structures can be marching, L- and U-shaped, with turns of any degree 90; 45; 180, screw. A feature of all options is the increased thickness of the steps (100; 80; 60 mm), each of which is connected in series and is attached to the wall using a “mortgage”.
The straight march is one of the simplest types for execution, although it does not save space, it fits well into the interior of spacious rooms. With a large slope, it can be used in small halls. U-shaped staircases, swing, with 180-degree turns, are relevant for three-story houses. To save space, the console can be placed in a specially created shaft, in openings where it is impossible to make straight platforms. Regardless of the type of structure, a span of more than three steps is always equipped with a handrail, the height of which is 90 cm.
We calculate the step of the cantilever ladder
To ensure that the load and functionality requirements are met, it is important not only to correctly select the appropriate material, dimensions and parameters, but also to create the correct step spacing and the desired slope. It is the step of the ladder equal to the tread width that makes it convenient to use.
There are certain rules and formulas, thanks to which you get the most convenient slope, the width of the steps and the distance between them. All calculations are based on an average step of 60 cm. From the plane to the vertical, the step is translated as follows: plus two heights of the steps and the width of the tread, you get the same 60 cm.
For the correctness of the calculation, a formula of two values is used: the width of the tread - "a" and the height of the riser - "b". As a result, there should be a - b = 12 cm. Experts call this method the "convenience formula". There is a second version of the calculation, called the safety formula, looks according to the previously indicated designations: a + b = 46 cm. Applying both options, you will receive the size of the span height and the width of the steps that satisfy you.
The optimal indicators are: a combination of height and depth of about 4.45 cm. In a private house, the depth of the tread is usually maintained within the range of 20-37 cm, the height of the risers is 12-20 cm. When distributing values in the project, the main rule must be observed: all parts in one span must be uniform, permissible fluctuations are not more than 5 mm.
We calculate the number of steps
Before building, you need to know exactly how many steps there will be. For this purpose, where it is planned to create a staircase, the distance is measured (span height). The resulting value is divided by the selected number (comfortable h = 18-21 cm, comfortable 16-18 cm), as a result you will get the number of steps. For example: you need to build a staircase between the first and second floors, having a span of 3.5 m. If you choose h steps of 18 cm (350: 18 = 19, 4). Now it is clear - you need to make 20 steps, with a distance of 17.5 cm between them.
We calculate the dimensions of the stairs
The choice is always up to the owner, so the width is determined by individual preferences. Despite this, it is always necessary to take into account generally accepted standards: one march can contain 5-18 steps, the width of the stairs is not less than 120 cm, the platform must always correspond to a value equal to the width of the march.
In practice, you have to fit designs into places that strongly limit desires. Sometimes, with a shortage of space, the width of the march is cut, given that 80 cm is enough for one person, and two can disperse at a width of 100 cm.
An important point: the angle of inclination. Usually we are forced to adjust to the parameters of our home, but do not forget that it will be convenient to walk with an angular deviation of 30-38 degrees. Angles of inclination of more than 45 degrees are considered unsafe, steep, there must be reliable railings laid on strong balusters.
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