2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Manchurian apple tree (lat. Malus manshurica) - a representative of the genus Apple-tree of the Pink family. Used primarily for decorative purposes. The fruits are practically not used for food. Natural area - East Asia and Primorsky Krai. Typical habitats in nature are rocky slopes, intensely lit areas, valley forests, river bays.
Characteristics of culture
The Manchurian apple tree is a tree up to 12 m high with a rounded crown and a trunk covered with black or black-brown fissured bark. Branches are reddish-yellow, twig-like, pubescent at the beginning of the season. Leaves are green, obovate or broadly ovate, narrowed towards the end, with a wedge-shaped or rounded base. Young leaves are pubescent, with age - glabrous or pubescent along the veins. Flowers are fragrant, numerous, collected in umbellate inflorescences of 4-8 pieces. Fruits are small, spherical, yellow with a red blush, have a sour-bitter taste.
The flowering of the Manchurian apple tree is abundant, begins in mid-May and lasts about 2 weeks, the fruits ripen in September and hang on the shoots throughout the winter. The fruits are readily eaten by birds. The culture is distinguished by increased frost-resistant characteristics and unpretentiousness. Accepts urban conditions, gas and smoke resistant. The Manchurian apple tree is a highly decorative plant; it is often used for landscaping parks, city gardens and roadsides. Trees are suitable for creating hedges, they tolerate shearing well. Often used as a stock of garden forms of apple trees.
Growing conditions
The Manchurian apple tree is unpretentious, but blooms more abundantly on sandy or medium loamy, moderately moist, drained, air and permeable soils. It develops successfully on heavy loamy soils, subject to high-quality drainage. Does not accept wetlands, poorly structured and poor soils, lowlands with stagnant cold air and melt water, as well as waterlogged areas. The location is preferably sunny or partially shaded. Culture does not need protection from the wind.
Subtleties of reproduction and planting
The Manchurian apple tree is propagated by seeds or cuttings. Seeds are sown before winter or early spring. In the second case, preliminary stratification is required. For this, the seeds are placed on the top shelf of the refrigerator for 30 days. Seeds are sown in the second decade of December in seedling containers filled with a loose and nutritious substrate. Seedlings appear in 25-30 days.
The dive is carried out in the phase of 2-3 true leaves. In winter and early spring, seedlings need additional lighting, this procedure will prevent them from stretching. Once every two weeks, young plants are fed with liquid mullein or liquid complex fertilizers. Seedlings are planted in open ground at the end of May. A couple of weeks before the intended planting, the planting material is hardened. For the winter, young plantings are sheltered, otherwise they can be damaged by severe frosts.
Planting seedlings of Manchurian apple trees can be carried out both in spring and in late summer - early autumn. However, the second method does not give a 100% guarantee of the survival rate of seedlings, often they do not have time to take root before the onset of stable cold weather and, as a result, freeze out. The planting pit is prepared in advance, its depth varies from 40 to 60 cm (depending on the level of development of the root system and its size).
A mixture consisting of humus or compost, garden soil and sand with the addition of complex mineral fertilizers is added to the bottom. Then 5-8 liters of water are poured into the pit and only after that the planting is carried out. When planting, the roots of the seedling are straightened, the voids are filled with soil mixture, tamped and watered again. After planting, it is advisable to mulch the soil in the trunk circle with peat, pine litter or sawdust.
Care
Caring for a Manchu apple tree is unremarkable. All the same standard procedures inherent in most types of apple trees: watering, weeding, loosening, feeding, pruning and preventive treatments against pests and diseases. Mulching is encouraged, this procedure will significantly reduce the time for caring for plants. Mulch will retain moisture for a longer period and prevent weeds.
Top dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers is a prerequisite for abundant flowering and active growth. Sanitary and formative pruning of the Manchurian apple tree is carried out in the spring. The crown of trees of the species under consideration has a compact crown, therefore, formative pruning is carried out as necessary, for example, with strong thickening. Regular treatments with herbal infusions are important for plants, they will prevent the appearance of various pests. Untimely processing when diseases or pests are detected can lead to the death of trees or an ugly appearance.
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