2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 15:51
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Latin name: Malus Family: Rosaceae Headings: Fruit and berry crops |
Apple tree (Malus) - belongs to the category of popular fruit crops; genus of trees of the family Pink.
Description
The apple tree is represented by trees reaching a height of up to 13 m and equipped with a spreading or tent-shaped crown. The branches and trunk are covered with cracking brown or gray bark. The roots are highly branched, go 150 cm deep, individual roots - 250 cm. The foliage is elliptical, sometimes round, petiolate, green.
Flowers can be white or pinkish, they are collected in shields or semi-umbrellas. Fruits are more often spherical than egg-shaped, they can be green, saturated or light yellow, red. Flowering takes place in the second decade of May - the first decade of June.
Popular varieties of apple trees in Russia
* Moscow Grushovka - early ripening variety. It is characterized by a tall tree with a spherical or pyramidal crown. Fruits are small, slightly ribbed, yellow-green in color. The pulp is white with a pinkish or yellowish tinge, the taste is pleasantly sweet. The variety is winter-hardy.
* Golden Chinese - early ripening variety. It is characterized by a tree of medium height, branches are thin, yellow-orange in color. The crown is broom-shaped. Fruits are small, deep yellow in color. The pulp is yellowish-white with a sour taste. Winter-hardy variety.
* Antonovka is a late variety. It is represented by a tall tree with a spherical or oval shape. The fruits are medium or large, greenish-yellow in color, the taste is pleasant, slightly sour, with a pronounced aroma.
* Bogatyr is a winter variety obtained by crossing Antonovka with Renet. They are characterized by a tall tree with a spreading crown. The fruits are large, greenish-yellow in color with a blush. The pulp is white, very juicy, has a pleasant taste and aroma.
Landing
An apple tree is planted in autumn 2-3 months before persistent cold weather or in spring before sap flow. Gardeners argue that autumn planting is preferable for culture. Planting holes are prepared in 3-4 weeks, the optimal planting time is the third decade of September, it is not recommended to plant later, since the seedlings do not have time to fully take root and may die from the action of low temperatures. A planting hole is dug in a diameter of 100 cm, a depth of 60-70 cm.
The soil for the apple tree is welcomed with normal acidity, too acidic soils must be limed, otherwise it will negatively affect the health of the plant and the future harvest. It is worth remembering: the lime should not come into contact with the roots of the seedling; it is better to carry out such a procedure 2-3 weeks before the intended planting.
The top layer of the soil is thoroughly mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers. It is not recommended to use fresh manure. The planting hole is filled with a nutrient mixture by 1/3, after which the seedling is lowered into it, carefully straightening the roots, tamped with the remains of the mixture and thoroughly moistened. After 2-3 weeks, watering is repeated again.
Care
Regular watering, loosening the soil, removing weeds, pruning are the main tasks of crop care. Watering is carried out 3-4 times per season. During the summer, trees are examined for signs of disease and pest damage. For the purpose of prevention, the culture is treated with Bordeaux liquid.
In October, the near-trunk zone is dug up, phosphorus-potassium and organic fertilizers are applied. With the approach of cold weather, mulch can be applied, and the trunks (especially of young trees) are tied with spruce branches to protect against attack by mice. Every year, the boles are whitewashed with a solution of lime.
Apple trees need pruning and crown formation. Formative pruning is carried out using a sparse-tiered system. Fresh cuts are covered with garden var. In subsequent years, gardeners need to take care of maintaining sufficient vigor of the shoots and thinning them in order to create a compact crown. compact crown.
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Apple Tree Pruning. Part 2
Buds, located directly on thick branches and short, simple ringlets, grow into long, thick shoots. On complex ringlets, not every bud gives rise to shoots. A lot of fat is formed from the dormant, especially where large branches were cut. Flower buds are formed mainly on those ringlets on which shoots have not formed, and on some trees they form in the upper part of vigorous growths, sometimes along their entire length. On weak shoots that have developed from the layer
How To Care For An Apple Tree?
On the site of any summer resident or gardener, there should always be at least one tree in the form of an apple tree. The fruits of this plant are very useful and tasty, but having your own garden and not planting an apple tree in it is not very advisable
Manchurian Apple Tree
Manchurian apple tree (lat.Malus manshurica) - a representative of the genus Apple-tree of the Pink family. Used primarily for decorative purposes. The fruits are practically not used for food. Natural area - East Asia and Primorsky Krai. Typical habitats in nature are rocky slopes, intensely lit areas, valley forests, river bays.
Apple Tree Care In A Young Garden
One good apple tree can provide a person with a harvest for 4-5 months. What can we say about a well-groomed apple orchard. It is a great success to acquire a country house with a personal plot provided with such wealth. But if this did not happen, it is quite possible to grow your own beautiful fruitful garden. What kind of care do young apple plantings require so that their fruiting from year to year only pleases the gardener?
Apple Blossom Beetle - Apple Tree Pest
You can meet the apple blossom beetle almost everywhere. Its larvae and beetles are capable of quite badly damaging apple trees. The most dangerous is damage to vulnerable buds with the onset of early spring, when beetles gnaw deep enough pits into them with something resembling pricks. The harmful larvae feed on pistils and stamens and, gnawing out the receptacle, strongly glue the petals from the inside. The result of a similar activity of the apple blossom beetle is unblown, brown and dried buds
