2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
To maintain soil fertility, replenish consumed substances, improve the chemical composition, fertilizers must be applied to the soil. In autumn, after the harvest, the time for agricultural work begins. This is the period of preparation for the new season, skillful fertilization is the key to good vegetation and abundant fruiting
All garden crops are susceptible to the presence of organic and mineral components. With a balanced application, ideal conditions for complex plant nutrition are maintained. Autumn "feeding" is the most reliable and common way. It is important to know what fertilizers to apply in the fall, how to improve the condition of the soil and facilitate the wintering of plants.
Basic rules for fertilizing in the fall
To prepare for the winter period, perennials need phosphorus and potassium substances. Nitrogen is introduced in small doses - 0.5 part of the usual rate. Giving preference to complex mixtures, it is better to choose with the mark "autumn" or with the indicated dosage for seasonal use. The selection of fertilizers is always carried out individually. The proportions differ when working with lawns, berry and ornamental shrubs, fruit trees, perennials, conifers. Autumn is the best time to introduce organic matter.
Manure and dung
The main component responsible for soil fertility. It is used every 2-3 years. It is used in rotten form, approximate dosage is 30-40 kg per 10 m².
Ash
A popular product for feeding currants, strawberries, raspberries, cabbage, potatoes. Contains a record amount of trace elements. Ash obtained from the disposal of branches, tops, weeds, and straw is especially appreciated. On average, 1 kg is laid on 1 m², it is enough to use it once every 3 years.
Compost
Provides long-term fruiting of all plants, eliminates soil depletion. Indispensable on sandy and heavy soils. Designed for annual use. The average dose is 3-4 kg per 1 m².
Sawdust, chopped bark, branches
They practically do not contain nutrients, but contribute to the improvement of the structure. Over time, they are reheated, turning into humus, creating ideal conditions for the spread of microorganisms, worms, humus. Relevant on sandy soils to retain moisture. Overdose or annual use will increase acidity.
We feed the beds
Over the summer, the land in the beds is depleted and deprived of many important substances. To restore the acid-mineral balance, it is better to use organic matter. Manure, compost, droppings are evenly distributed on the soil (3-4 kg per 1 square meter), while ash is added. With the planned planting of winter crops (onions, garlic, carrots), nitroammophoska, granular superphosphate should be added. This method will stimulate good germination and vigorous growth. You can use ready-made dry mixes, the packaging of which indicates the norm for specific crops.
With a long-term layout, you know exactly where, what will grow. Therefore, each site is prepared taking into account the requirements of the cultivation of a particular crop. For example, there are dosage rates indicated for 1 m² (mineral fertilizers in grams, organic matter in kilograms).
White cabbage - 3-5 kg of manure.
Broccoli, Savoyard - 4-5 kg + 25-30 phosphorus, 15-20 potassium.
Legumes - phosphorus 20-25, potassium 15-20.
Red cabbage, Brussels sprouts - 2-4 kg of manure + 25-30 superphosphate.
Potatoes - 5-6 manure.
Batun onion (slime) - 5-10 kg of manure, phosphorus - 30-40 g, potassium 20-30.
Head salad - 35-45 g of superphosphate.
Shrubs and berries
Organics and mineral compositions help to increase yields and are laid in the fall. Manure and poultry droppings enrich the soil, are applied to a depth of 10-15 cm. To do this, it is evenly distributed on the surface, in those places where the root system will not be affected by digging - direct contact can cause burns.
Always choose complex fertilizers taking into account their composition: high levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium. These are essential elements that strengthen the entire plant and help it survive the harsh winter conditions. At the same time, shoot growth is activated in the spring. Berry growers respond well to ash, which is famous for the presence of a wide range of trace elements. It should be remembered that the ash must be added to the drop.
Fruit trees
Competent actions of gardeners in the fall and correctly selected fertilizers protect against depletion, contribute to the full life of trees. For protection from frost, manure, peat compost, rotted bird droppings are ideal. These organic substances create comfortable conditions for the roots and stimulate the progression of spring vegetation.
Of the minerals in the fall, superphosphate should be preferred. You can add ammonium nitrate, phosphorus and potassium (potassium salt, potassium sulfate) in equal parts. An old proven method is the cultivation of oats, beans, rye, and alfalfa in the near-trunk circle. In autumn, the entire aboveground part of these crops is crushed and added dropwise. The choice of fertilizers is a crucial moment - it depends on the condition of the tree and the quality of the soil.
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