2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
In the tropical latitudes of America, from where sweet peppers came to us, the plant is accustomed to the hot sun, low humidity and warm wind. In our climatic conditions, which do not always meet the requirements of vegetable bushes, it can weaken and hurt. And if we are not able to influence the weather changes, then it is important to know what measures to take to help the plants in the beds cope with the vagaries of nature. In addition, ignorance of the intricacies of pepper farming also leads to the occurrence of diseases
How to get healthy seedlings
The health of the future harvest must be taken care of long before the plants find themselves in the garden beds. So, before sowing seeds, they must be disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate. You also need to organize proper care for the seedlings. If the content is incorrect, the pepper can infect the black leg. Such common mistakes in the care of seedlings lead to this:
• ignoring soil disinfection;
• thickened plantings;
• lack of regular ventilation;
• excessive moisture of the substrate;
• growing seedlings in a cold room.
Treatment of seedlings with a solution of copper sulfate will help to save pepper plants.
Diseases of pepper in the beds
After transplanting seedlings to their permanent place, peppers can hit many other misfortunes. Among them:
• Top rot - more often occurs on plants that are cultivated in greenhouses. It can be recognized by gray spots outlined with a dark border. This is how the top rot, caused by the harmful effects of pathogens, is manifested. If the disease is of a non-infectious nature, the rot is first a watery greenish lesion of the fetus, and then transforms into dry spots. Affected green fruits, as a rule, do not have time to ripen, but rot. The cause of the disease is a lack of calcium or an excess of nitrogen in the soil, non-compliance with the irrigation regime, strong drops in humidity in the greenhouse. The affected fruits must be removed from the bush, and the beds must be treated with calcium nitrate or calcium chloride.
• Furazious wilting - manifested by wilting of the bush, yellowing of the leaves with twisting of the leaf plate. These are the external manifestations of the fact that the roots have been struck by a fungal infection. Most often, an outbreak occurs during the formation of ovaries. Prevention of the disease is the observance of crop rotation, pre-sowing seed treatment and the use of copper-containing fungicides. A diseased plant must be immediately removed from the beds.
• Late blight - can destroy both seedlings and bushes planted in a permanent place. Outwardly, this attack manifests itself as brown and whitish spots on all parts of the plant. With high humidity in a film shelter or damp weather outside, the fruits rot. Outbreaks of the disease occur more often on soils infected with late blight, so it is not recommended to plant peppers after any nightshade, which could also suffer from late blight. In addition, favorable conditions for the emergence and development of late blight are formed when the optimal humidity regime is not observed, as well as with significant fluctuations in the value of day and night temperatures. At the first signs of the disease, it is recommended to spray the plants with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.
• Gray rot is another attack that affects the plant in case of excessive air humidity, as well as a violation of the temperature regime in the greenhouse. Especially dangerous is a sharp drop in the thermometer at high humidity. A signal about gray mold infection is a gray coating on brown wet spots covering the plant.
• White rot - begins its destructive effect on the bushes from the root part. The disease is visible by the white bloom on the outside, and inside the stem, the tissues turn black and harden. This interferes with the supply of nutrients and the pepper begins to wilt.
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