2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Dark puffy is an ubiquitous pest that attacks grape plantings. This scoundrel also has one more name - black papuchka. Malicious bugs gnaw grooves on grape leaves, the length of which can reach one centimeter. Often, ruptures are formed in places of damage. Similar grooves are also gnawed by pests on berries and on the bark of young shoots. The leaves attacked by them often fall off, and the berries quickly rot. The larvae are no less harmful, so it is imperative to fight these grape lovers
Meet the pest
The dark apse is a beetle representing the family of leaf beetles and growing in length up to 6 mm. All pests are black-colored and endowed with reddish-red or black-brownish elytra, and their antennae are equipped with nine segments each. In this case, the first four segments of the antennae are painted in reddish tones.
The size of the yellowish-white cylindrical eggs of the dark cauliflower is about 1 mm. And the larvae grow up to 7 - 8 mm. As a rule, they are colored white, and their heads are yellowish-brownish. Each larva is endowed with three well-developed pairs of legs. The length of the little white pupae reaches 6 mm, and all of them are equipped with brownish hairs.
The larvae that have finished feeding overwinter at a depth of about ten centimeters in the soil. Closer to the end of April, they pupate, and around the middle of May, bugs begin to emerge, immediately starting additional feeding.
After about two weeks of feeding, females lay eggs on boles in cracks in the bark. Typically, eggs are laid in piles, each containing fifteen to twenty eggs. The gluttonous larvae, reborn after approximately seven to ten days, fall to the ground and immediately go deeper into the soil. By the way, they develop best on sandy and sandy soils - on heavy soils, they have much more difficulty. At first, the hungry larvae feed on fresh young roots, and after some time they bite into the thickness of the roots and begin to grind numerous longitudinal passages into them. At the same time, the grape bushes noticeably lag behind in growth, the damaged roots rot, and the berry yield is sharply reduced. The larvae, which have completed development and are saturated, gradually leave the damaged roots and pass into the soil. There they, in turn, form cradles, in which they stay until the next spring. Only one generation of these harmful parasites has time to develop per year.
You can meet dark cauliflowers almost everywhere, with the exception of the steppes and the far north. It is noteworthy that in North America these pests are represented by ordinary bisexual populations. At the same time, triploid parthenogenetic females can be observed in most of the Eurasian range. As for males, they are found in these areas extremely rarely or are completely absent there.
As a result of the harmful activity of these admirers of grapes, the roots are affected by various putrefactive microorganisms. In addition, pathogens of all kinds of infectious ailments penetrate through the damage into grapes without much difficulty. In addition to grapes, narrow-leaved ivan tea can also act as a fodder plant for harmful parasites.
How to fight
The best preventive measure against dark podule is spring and autumn cultivation of the soil. Digging in this case must be carried out very carefully.
If there are ten to fifteen bugs per grape bush, the grape harvest is seriously threatened. Therefore, with the mass reproduction of these lovers of juicy berries, insecticide treatments should be carried out. The best effect is given by treatments that are carried out during the period of additional feeding of the bugs. Organophosphorus compounds are especially suitable for the fight against droplets.
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