2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The oldest culture on our planet is beans, cultivated four millennia BC by the aborigines of Latin America. Having got to Russia during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna (mid-18th century) from Turkey, she began to be called a "Turkish bean". The healing properties of vegetable beans can hardly be overestimated. It occupies one of the first places among vegetable crops for its nutritional properties
Beans have a very high taste and yield. Although vegetable beans can grow and ripen in various zones of our country, they are still rarely found in summer cottages, since many do not know how to grow them.
Growing
To grow vegetable beans, you need to select well-lit areas, since beans growing even in a little shade give lower yields.
The beans are not very demanding on the soil, but the peculiarity of their germination is the absence of clods in the soil. Therefore, when preparing the beds for planting beans (beans are recommended to be grown in the beds), the soil is well dug up. Simultaneously with the digging, they fertilize it, adding a little more than one bucket of humus and a couple of tablespoons of complete mineral fertilizer to one square meter of the garden.
Most often, beans are grown through seedlings, using special pots, into which seeds are embedded to a depth of 2-3 centimeters. Large and healthy seeds are selected for planting. They are soaked for two hours in a solution of potassium permanganate. Then, after washing the seeds with clean water, to accelerate their growth, they are once again soaked in clean warm water. 20-25-day-old seedlings are planted on the beds, with two true leaves.
You can sow beans and directly into the ground. Such sowing is carried out in early June. Before sowing, the garden is well spilled, and then the seeds are sealed to a depth of 4 centimeters, maintaining the distance between the rows of 20 centimeters, and between the seeds of the same row - 10 centimeters. Since beans are more suitable for eating in a green tender state, in order to prolong the period of their consumption, sowing is done several times, with breaks between them in 2-3 weeks.
Bean care
Taking care of your growing beans will not take a lot of time. After 10-12 days, when friendly seedlings of beans appear, you can feed the soil by diluting one tablespoon of complex mineral fertilizer per 1 square meter of the garden.
During the budding period, a second feeding is carried out at the rate of 1 tablespoon of superphosphate and 1 teaspoon of any potassium fertilizer per bucket of water.
To prevent the beans from lying on the ground, bean bushes are spud a couple of times during their growth.
Watering is carried out in the evening. The plant especially needs moisture during the flowering period so that the flowers do not crumble, and during the period of bean formation. Flowering usually lasts 10-12 days, starting about a month after germination.
If there is a threat of summer frosts, the bean bushes must be covered with a covering material.
Popular varieties of beans
Beans can be bush, semi-twisted and curly. Depending on the species, the height of the plant varies from 25 to 60 centimeters for bush beans; up to 1, 5 meters - for semi-curling; from 1, 5 to 5 meters - for curly beans.
For vegetable gardens, bush beans are most convenient, for which a separate bed is not always allocated, but planted next to other crops, for example, with potatoes. It used to be that beans were believed to protect potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle. But today, either the beetles have managed to adapt to such a neighborhood, or other reasons have appeared, but there is no decrease in the number of voracious Americans in such a neighborhood.
Bean seeds come in a variety of colors. Brown and black seeds are popular in America. Light seeds are preferred by Europeans.
Those who like to feast on fleshy, tender and very tasty green beans of beans choose early ripening bush beans of sugar varieties for planting in the garden. These include:
• Green-pod - has dark brown seeds.
• Shrub (no fiber) - has pink seeds.
• Moscow White Green Pod - has white seeds.
• Saksa (no fiber) - has greenish-yellow seeds.
• Sugar Triumph - has yellow-green seeds.
Harvesting
The collection of soft and juicy green shoulder blades is carried out in July, early in the morning. Such a blade breaks easily, exposing seeds the size of which reaches the size of a wheat grain.
If you are late with the dressing of the shoulder blades, then it is better to leave them on the grain, waiting for the pods to turn yellow. Ripe beans are harvested in August-September.
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