2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The barley miner lives everywhere not only on the territory of Russia, but also in the neighboring states, especially in those where rice is grown. In addition to rice, this parasite is not averse to eating barley, onions, alfalfa, wheat and cereal weeds. The leaves mined by barley miners wilt and turn yellow. And if the reproduction of pests is massive, voracious larvae get to the stems. The result of such attacks is a delay in the growth of crops, as well as the oppression of young plants with their subsequent death
Meet the pest
The barley miner is a noxious fly two to three millimeters long. It can be either gray or brownish with a slight bronze sheen. The wings of harmful parasites are transparent and long, and their long legs are painted in grayish tones. On the last segments of the black antennae of the pests, there are bent bristles, each of which is equipped with five hairs.
Oval eggs of barley miners are yellowish or white. They are flat at the bottom, convex at the top and have a fusiform shape. Translucent yellowish-white larvae of an elongated-oval shape grow up to 4 mm in length, and the ends of their bodies are equipped with a pair of spines. Cylindrical yellowish-brownish puparia are about 3 mm long.
Typically, adult flies overwinter under plant debris. In addition to flies, puparia with larvae can sometimes hibernate. At the end of May, the fly years start, and their mass fly usually falls in mid-June. Eggs are laid by females on the tops of the leaves, mainly along the leaf veins. They can be deposited either one at a time or in groups, each of which contains up to twenty-twenty-six pieces. The total fertility of females reaches hundreds of eggs, and the embryonic development of harmful parasites takes from three to seven days. Gluttonous larvae make their way inside the growing leaves and mine them - they immediately eat away the parenchyma, leaving only the affected epidermis. On average, each mine contains from five to eight larvae, sometimes up to nineteen of them are found in one mine, maximum - up to forty. All larvae are able to move to neighboring leaves. Somewhat later, they pupate in leaf holes. The pupation process lasts an average of seven days. And harmful parasites are in the pupal stage for two weeks.
Flies of the second generation appear approximately in July. A barley miner gives two generations per year. And the harmfulness of these gluttonous parasites is expressed mainly in the disruption of photosynthesis of growing crops
How to fight
It is quite difficult to protect yourself from barley miners because they damage completely different crops. Ideally, they need to be dealt with in a comprehensive manner, combining agrotechnical measures with chemical ones. In rice paddies, the optimal water level should be maintained to prevent deep flooding that promotes the proliferation of voracious parasites. It is extremely important to isolate the crops of the current year from the crops of the previous year. Immediately after harvest, it is recommended to carry out deep fall plowing (about twenty-seven centimeters) and stubble plowing.
During the summer, parasites carry out foliar feeding and other treatments of growing crops. And if the reproduction of the evil fly is massive, rice and other cereals begin to be treated with insecticides. The main thing is to carry out such treatments before the end of peeling. It is best to start spraying at the stage of emergence of tiny shoots in the phase of 1 - 3 leaves. Dusting with metaphos dust or 12% hexachlorane dust is also allowed.
The population of adult barley miners is reduced by parasites-braconids, as well as spiders and some butterflies.
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