2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
In the Russian Federation and other countries, apple trees predominate in orchards. The scarce areas of the summer cottages do not allow for many trees. There is a way out - columnar apple trees. To get good harvests you need to know how to grow them. Let's talk about the intricacies of agricultural technology, which many do not know
How to choose a landing site
A miniature root system needs fertile soil. Therefore, you need a water-absorbing, air- and moisture-permeable soil. If you have a clayey area, drain the planting hole. Avoid places with close groundwater (at least 2 meters). Good harvests will be in a sunny place protected from strong winds.
When and how to plant a columnar apple tree
Ideally, the planting pit will be prepared in advance - in the fall. The size depends on the volume of the roots, usually 50x50x50. If drainage is needed, then dig a depth of 70 cm, since it is 20 cm (sand, stone or large rubble). Mix the selected soil with a bucket of humus / compost. Add potassium, superphosphate (4 matchboxes) + a glass of ash.
Experienced gardeners claim that the one-year-old takes root better. Plant only in spring, before leaf breaks. Try not to bend the roots during planting. Support for further garter, installed in the pit along with the seedling.
An important point is the level of vaccination. Make sure that after watering it is not sucked into the ground, therefore, filling the hole in half, compact and water. As a result, the grafting site should be 2-3 cm higher than the horizon. After the end of the event, tie the apple tree trunk to the support.
How to care for an apple tree
Top dressing
Nutrition for the apple tree is brought in solid form, with shallow covering, since the roots are close to the surface. Feeding takes place three times. The first is at the stage of leaf unfolding, the second is in a month, the third is in July.
It is recommended to first give nitrogen, then trace elements + phosphorus + potassium. The third feeding - in the phase of fruit setting: nitrogen, phosphorus-potassium mixtures. It is advisable to include ash, a glass is enough for a tree. You can supplement food with humates, biological products, herbal infusions. Feeding stops at the end of July.
Load regulation
Having planted a columnar apple tree, your task is to form a strong tree. Early harvests drain the seedling. In the first two to three years, you need to exclude a heavy load. Experienced gardeners recommend removing all inflorescences during the first flowering. You can leave a couple of buds for testing.
Half of the inflorescences are left next year. Until reaching the stage of an adult tree, they continue to do double thinning: during flowering and the initial stage of fruit formation. As a result, two ovaries should remain in each bunch of inflorescences.
Such actions will save your tree from exhausting loads. The fruits will grow large and tasty, and fruiting will be annual.
How to prune columnar apple trees
A tree growing in one trunk does not need pruning. The varietal features of columnar apple trees are the absence of lateral shoots. Sometimes genetics is disrupted and the active formation of lateral branches begins. Only then will pruning be required. There are two methods used.
Method one
The work takes place until the sheet is opened. They are cropped into two buds of all lateral shoots. By autumn, they will give two small branches (20-30 cm). Sorting takes place next spring: curved, underdeveloped ones are removed. They leave powerful vertical ones and stop them: again for two kidneys or leave almost the entire length of 30 cm.
For the third year, the manipulations are repeated: they thin out, cut off the fertile ones. Leave strong, again with 2 kidneys. For fruiting, choose a part of the sprouts of 40 cm. Actively growing shoots are limited in growth (pinched in the summer). These procedures are repeated constantly, this is the only way to preserve the poplar appearance of the crown.
Method two
A candelabrum is formed. 2-3 shoots are left and the tree grows with a crown of several trunks. This method is relevant in climates with cold winters. All formative activities are carried out as in the previous method.
Apple tree protection
Columnar varieties have high immunity, are resistant to attacks by pests. With massive raids of aphids, the kidneys can still be severely damaged. In such cases, spraying is needed. Dill, calendula, marigolds, lemon balm planted nearby will help prevent the invasion of many types of pests.
In severe frosts, the apical bud can be damaged. It is recommended to cover a young tree on top with burlap or wrap it with spandbond. The trunk is whitened with a garden water emulsion. From rodents, a chain-link is installed around the trunk.
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