2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
One of the oldest cultivated plants, mentioned in the sacred books, of course, is the fig, which is considered a symbol of happiness, peace and eternal life. This deciduous shrub became widespread in the Mediterranean countries, on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in Georgia, and Armenia. Read about the useful properties and features of growing a valuable fruit tree in this article
Fig is a revered and beloved plant, which has many other names - fig, fig, "wine berry", ficus carica. Proceeding from the generic name "ficus", this word came to the Russian language modified - "fig", hence the name of this culture - "fig tree". Although the fig is considered a subtropical tree, it can be successfully grown in the colder zone. In the Moscow region, it is recommended to grow cold-resistant varieties in the form of a bush in the open field, which are sheltered for the winter.
Botanical description
Who has never seen what a fig tree looks like, then imagine a large, sprawling ficus with cut leaves and a large number of pear-like fruits. In favorable natural conditions, the fig tree lives up to 300 years. In warm regions, this tree reaches 12 m in height with a trunk diameter of more than half a meter. The bark is light gray, smooth. The leaves are alternate, lobed, sometimes whole, rough, hard. Pear-shaped inflorescences are large enough, have a hole, develop in the leaf axils. Flowers are small, dioecious. Single-seeded fruits - nuts, when ripe, turn into sweet fruit, covered with a thin peel with hairs. Depending on the variety, "figs" can be yellow or dark blue in color.
Growing figs outdoors
Fig refers to cold-resistant crops, endures dry summers and is unpretentious in care, while bearing abundant fruit. Russian gardeners have experience in harvesting figs in the open field in the Moscow region. In the cold regions of Russia, the peculiarities of plant growth should be taken into account, because the main reason for failures in its cultivation is the short summer season and the lack of heat. In such conditions, the fruits simply do not have time to ripen on the tree. But this problem can be solved by growing figs in glazed greenhouses or sunny terraces.
Figs need a certain amount of moisture for a generous harvest. Choose a well-lit area, sheltered from the wind, to plant your tree. Compost with the addition of sand is suitable as a soil. Top dressing is done with potash fertilizers once a month during the growing season. In early spring, plant a fig plant before actively growing. You can propagate "fig" using the easiest ways - root shoots or air layers. To form a harmonious and beautiful crown of the tree, prune in early spring. Remove damaged, crisscrossing and long branches.
Fruit application
Figs are grown for the sake of sweet, delicate fruits that are eaten fresh, dry or felted. Figs are added to salads, meat dishes, canned, jam is made from it, and wine is made. Fresh fruits almost burst from ripeness and at the same time quickly deteriorate, their shelf life even in the refrigerator is no more than three days. It is generally accepted that the smaller the fruits, the tastier the figs.
Dried figs are no less tasty and healthy than fresh fruits. Usually dried fruits with light skin and a diameter of 5 cm. Drying is carried out directly under the sun for 3 to 4 days. Dried figs are revived by soaking in water or heating with steam. Traditionally, such figs are used in desserts and baked goods. It is very tasty when figs are added to minced meat, it gives the dish a sweetish taste.
Beneficial features
Figs are useful for dietary nutrition, lowers cholesterol, because it contains only 1.3% fat. The chemical composition of fig fruits includes vitamins, fiber, sugars, fatty acids, minerals, iron, phosphorus. Fig leaves are also used in medicine. A drug against alopecia areata is made from the dried raw materials. Figs are brewed with boiling water or milk and drunk as a remedy for sore throat and cough. The pulp of the fruit has an antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic and laxative effect. Since figs contain a large amount of iron, its consumption is recommended in case of anemia. The syrup made from figs increases appetite and aids digestion.
Contraindications
Do not eat figs for diabetes, excess weight, stomach ulcer!
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