2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Big-winged spindle tree (lat. Euonymus macropterus) - ornamental shrub or tree; a representative of the genus euonymus of the euonymus family. It is found naturally in China, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin, Kuriles, as well as in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions. Typical habitats are rocky and stony areas, moist broadleaf and cedar forests.
Characteristics of culture
Large-winged euonymus is a deciduous shrub or tree up to 10 m high with a trunk covered with dark bark and gray or light brown branches. Young shoots are greenish. Leaves are green, elliptical, broadly elliptic, ovate or oblong-ovate, finely serrate along the edge, with a wedge-shaped base, pointed apex, up to 12 cm long. The flowers are greenish-white, small, collected in multiflorous forked inflorescences, equipped with long peduncles. Fruits are winged flattened-spherical capsules, when ripe they become dark crimson, contain seeds with an orange seed.
Big-winged euonymus blooms in May for 10 days, the fruits ripen in September. When propagated by the seed method, they begin to bear fruit for 7 years after planting. Winter-hardy species, suitable for growing in the northern regions. Demanding air humidity, photophilous, relatively resistant to euonymus moth. In autumn, the big-winged euonymus is the most decorative due to its bright fruits, therefore it is often used in autogenesis. Suitable for landscaping large parks and gardens, it goes well with other ornamental shrubs and trees that prefer wet places.
Growing features
Large-winged euonymus is picky, without damage to health it can develop in shady areas. The main condition is compliance with optimal humidity; the culture is not tolerant to heat and dryness. Soils for the species under consideration can be any, except for heavy clayey, compacted, saline and strongly acidic. Light, loamy soils with a slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline pH reaction are optimal.
Soil fertility plays an equally important role in development, so that the plant pleases with active growth, it requires annual fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers. Cultivation of crops on strongly acidic soils is not prohibited, but subject to annual liming. It is not recommended to plant large-winged euonymus in areas open to the sun, often this leads to yellowing of the leaves. The culture has a negative attitude towards high temperatures, it needs spraying.
Reproduction
Large-winged euonymus is propagated by seed and vegetative methods. The second involves grafting, propagation by root suckers and dividing the bush. Culture seeds are sown in open ground immediately after harvest. The soil should be moderately moist. For the winter, crops are mulched abundantly with peat or dry fallen leaves. Spring sowing is possible, in this case the seeds are subjected to two-stage stratification. Stratification is carried out as follows: for three months the seeds are kept at a temperature of 10C, the next five months at a temperature of 3C. Seedlings appear in early spring. They need careful care, if necessary, thinning is carried out, as well as feeding with a liquid mullein solution. The formed and strong plants are transplanted to a permanent place not earlier than after 2-3 years.
Cutting is used in relation to the big-winged euonymus much more often than the seed method. Young and healthy shoots are chosen for reproduction. Cuttings 5-6 cm long are cut, leaving one internode on each. This procedure is carried out in June. Cuttings are treated with growth stimulants, this approach will provide rooting rates up to 80%. Cuttings are planted in a well-moistened substrate under a film cover, which will create a greenhouse effect, which is necessary for successful rooting. It is important to regularly ventilate and moisturize the cuttings. If all conditions are met, the cuttings take root for 30-40 days. Until next spring, it is better to leave the cuttings in the same place, and with the onset of heat, they will plant them in the main place.
Pests and the fight against them
Large-winged euonymus is resistant to pests, but in some years it can be affected by scale insects, spider mites and red flat mites. Scabbards appear as brown plaques on the surface of shoots and leaves. As a result, the foliage turns very yellow, dries up and falls off. In the fight against scabies, a solution of the drug Actellik is effective. The same drug is used to get rid of ticks.
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