2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
European spindle tree (lat. Euonymus europaeus) - a representative of the genus euonymus of the euonymus family. Another name is Bruslina. Under natural conditions, it grows in Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Germany and other European countries, as well as in Turkey, the Caucasus and the European part of Russia. Natural places - oak and pine forests, groves, forest edges, shady ravines, coastal areas and wetlands.
Characteristics of culture
European spindle tree is a deciduous shrub or tree up to 8 m high with tetrahedral or round gray-brownish branches. Young shoots are green with brownish ribs. The kidneys are ovoid-conical, small in size. Leaves are leathery, glabrous, dull, obovate, ovate-elliptical or oblong-ovate, dentate or serrate-serrate along the edge, wedge-shaped at the base, rounded at the apex, equipped with hook-shaped teeth, up to 6, 5 cm long.
The flowers are of medium size, collected in semi-umbellate inflorescences, have one underdeveloped flower, and sit on short pedicels. Bracts subulate. Bracts are scaly. Petals are green with a yellowish tinge, spatulate-oblong, dentate, ciliate along the edge. The fruit is a smooth four-lobed capsule, depressed at the tip, pear-shaped or broadly pear-shaped at the base. Usually has a greenish-pinkish color. Seeds are whitish with a reddish roof, obovate. Blooms in April-June (depending on the climatic zone). The fruits ripen in July-October.
Growing conditions
Euonymus European prefers semi-shaded areas. It is not forbidden to grow along tall trees with an openwork crown. Plants feel great on slopes and other relief areas of the landscape. Soils for European spindle tree are desirable aerated, rich in mineral and organic substances, slightly alkaline, neutral or slightly acidic. Strongly acidic soils require preliminary liming. The European euonymus does not accept waterlogged, heavy clayey and poor soils. Cultivation on heavy soils is only possible with good drainage.
Subtleties of reproduction
European euonymus is propagated by seeds, green cuttings, dividing the bush and root suckers. The seed method is used extremely rarely, since it causes a lot of difficulties in the process. Among gardeners, the most common method of propagation is cuttings. Material is cut from young strong shoots in summer (June-July). The optimal cutting length is 5-6 cm. Each cutting must have one internode, this condition cannot be neglected. For rooting, cuttings are planted in a nutritious soil under a film, you can plant in a greenhouse. Cuttings of European spindle tree take root in about 35-40 days.
If it was decided to propagate the culture by seeds, they must be stratified, which consists of two stages (the first - 3 months at a temperature of 10C, the second - 4 months at a temperature of 0C). Seeds are sown in open ground. With the emergence of seedlings, thinning is carried out (if necessary), as well as careful care, which includes regular watering, feeding with liquid mullein, loosening the aisles and weeding. For the winter, young plants are covered with spruce branches, and the soil around is mulched with organic material, for example, peat or humus.
Care
Caring for a crop is no different from caring for any other ornamental shrubs and trees. The main task is to ensure systematic moistening; in no case should the soil be allowed to dry out. Stagnant water will also negatively affect the development of plants, and may even lead to death. The number of waterings and the frequency depend on the season, temperature and humidity. Do not forget about feeding. Three dressings per season will be enough.
European spindle tree is often affected by various pests, such as hawthorn, apple moth, scale insect, spider mite, aphid and red flat mite. By the way, many gardeners have noticed: if you plant European euonymus close to an apple or pear, then the pests will begin to nest on this ornamental shrub, and fruit crops will remain intact. Thus, the European euonymus can be called a kind of protector. This is an undeniable plus. And you can fight insects with the help of various insecticides and organic infusions (it all depends on the degree of infestation).
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