2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
For several decades now, a representative of the South of Russia has been successfully growing mulberry (mulberry) in the Moscow region. Incredibly, history knows the fact that this plant was cultivated by Peter 1 in Izmailovo. Maybe these trees are distant descendants of those pioneers?
Thanks to the work of geneticists to create modern varieties acclimatized to the Middle Belt, it became possible to advance the southern tree far to the north. If in a warm climate the height of a plant reaches 25 meters, then in our zone it grows only 4-6 meters. But this growth is quite enough to get a good harvest of juicy, sweet berries with an unusual taste.
Varieties
Mulberries are divided into white and black. Many believe that this classification is related to the color of the fruit, and are deeply mistaken. Scientists take the color of the bark of an adult specimen as a basis. White mulberry tree has all fruit colors: white, red, cream, pinkish, black and dark purple. The black variety has an exceptionally ink shade.
Durability
For a mulberry, the age of 200 years is practically youth. There are known cases of life of such trees in the southern regions up to 500 years. Their girth was 4-5 meters. The wood is very durable, akin to oak and acacia. It is almost impossible to cut a mature tree with a hand tool.
Abroad, the plant is used for the manufacture of premium heraldic paper, luxury furniture, musical instruments. Strong bast fibers are suitable for ropes, ropes.
Varieties
The most widespread are black-fruited specimens, less often - plants with white berries.
Ancient varieties found in the Moscow region:
"Vladimirskaya" fruits 3 cm long, dark cherry hue. Bisexual tree 6 m high, frost-resistant. If you cut off the central shoot at the level of 1.5 meters from the ground, you get a weeping shape that makes harvesting easier.
"Royal" plant of medium height with berries up to 3 cm of sweet taste. Good keeping quality of the product allows transporting fruits over long distances without loss of quality. High frost resistance makes it possible to survive winters without shelter. The variety is partially self-pollinated. To increase the yield, another pollinator is planted nearby.
"Black Prince" berries are large 5 cm. Several specimens are required for pollination.
"White honey" medium-sized tree with white fruits 3 cm, honey-sugary note. Transportability is low, up to 6 hours shelf life of fresh products.
The most promising modern varieties:
"Darkie" - a compact tree with flowers of different sexes. Black berries are large up to 3.5g with a slight sourness and honey aroma. Produces 1 kg of fruits from a two-meter branch per season. The root system can withstand winters with temperatures up to 30 degrees. Shoots of one-year growth partially freeze, but quickly recover again, without loss of yield. Excellent transportability, keeping quality up to 18 hours.
Shelley - a medium-sized crown with large leaves distinguishes this variety from others. Fruits 5, 5 cm long are black with excellent taste, high yield.
"Black Baroness" monoecious plant with 3.5 cm ink fruits, similar to raspberries. Sweet to taste without sourness, they are stored fresh for up to 12 hours after harvest. Ripen in June-July.
"Luganochka" - pale pink infructescences are sweet, with a delicate structure.
"White tenderness" - sweet white berries reach 5 cm. The annual large harvest ripens within 2 months.
Application
For confectionery purposes, mulberries are used to make jam, compote, mousse, jelly. Raw stem fruits are an excellent filling for dumplings, pies. Dried fruits are harvested for the winter.
Now the choice in nurseries is very large, so you can easily choose a variety to your taste. Having planted a mulberry tree once, several generations of your family members will enjoy juicy sweet berries for 2 months per season.
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