2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Cherries are one of the most popular berry crops used for making aromatic compotes, juices, preserves and sweet pies. Cherries are loved for their juicy, slightly tart and unique taste, and are valued for their unique beneficial properties. It's hard to imagine, but this wonderful fruit includes sugars, fiber, tannins, malic and citric acids, pectins, minerals, folic acid, as well as vitamins of group B, PP, coumarin, carotene and even flavonoids
Cherry contributes to the production of seratonin, or as it is also called - the hormone of happiness, it is useful for people suffering from atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis and anemia. The fruits of culture have a positive effect on the nervous system. And the list of cherries' valuable properties does not end there.
For the first time, they learned about the plant in ancient times, to be more precise, in the 4th century BC. The first to cultivate the culture were Roman and Greek gardeners. In Russia, cherry has been known since the times of Kievan Rus, in the northern regions it spread thanks to Yuri Dolgoruky, initially the plants were grown only in royal estates and at monasteries.
Growing conditions
Cherry is a light-loving culture; it prefers fertile, light and loose soils with a neutral pH. Negatively refers to lowlands and areas with cold drafts. The close occurrence of groundwater negatively affects the growth and development of the plant.
Landing
Planting cherries is best done in spring, however, autumn planting is not forbidden, in the latter case, the soil near the trunk circles is mulched with peat, and young plants are covered with spruce branches. Planting culture is carried out with well-developed annual seedlings with lateral branches. It is desirable that the stem of the seedling be 2-2.5 cm in diameter.
The landing pits are prepared for several weeks before the intended landing. Acidic soils are preliminarily limed, manure or compost, as well as mineral fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate) are added to the top layer. The depth of the planting pit should be about 50-60 cm, and the width 40 cm. Part of the prepared substrate is poured onto the bottom of the pit, forming a cone-shaped hill.
The seedling is placed in a pit, the roots are straightened, covered with the remaining soil mixture, tamped, watered abundantly and mulched with peat. When planting, it is necessary to ensure that the root collar of the seedling is located 3-5 cm above the soil level.
Care
Cherry care will not cause any special problems even for a novice gardener. Since the culture is drought-resistant, it is necessary to water it only during the formation of ovaries and flower buds, as well as during prolonged drought. Watering should be stopped 2-3 weeks before harvest, otherwise the berries will begin to crack.
Cherry needs regular weeding and loosening. The soil is loosened near the trunk circles to a depth of 5-6 cm at least 1-2 times a month. In the first three years, top dressing is not required; after this time, complex mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to the soil. It is also necessary to whitewash the trunk, bases of branches and forks annually with a solution of lime.
A feature of the culture is the rapid growth of shoots, as a result of which the crown thickens strongly and prevents high yields from being obtained. If the crown is well sparse, larger berries and healthier foliage are formed. Formative pruning of shrubs is carried out three weeks before the swelling of the buds. The best option for cherries is considered to be a sparse-tiered crown, in no case flat or fusiform.
Fight against coccomycosis
The main reason for the decline in cherry harvest is fungal diseases. The most common and dangerous culture disease is coccomycosis. The first signs of damage: the appearance of brown dots on the outside of the leaves, which over time combine into extensive spots. On the underside of the leaves, a white powdery bloom with a pinkish tint is formed. The disease leads to premature leaf fall, as well as damage to the fruit. Infected berries are severely deformed, and dents appear on their surface.
As a preventive measure, it is recommended to remove fallen leaves in a timely manner, because the fungus easily tolerates cold winters in the thickness of the snow, and in the spring it again affects the culture. The soil near the trunks is treated with a urea solution or Bordeaux liquid. When the first signs of damage are found, the plants are sprayed with approved chemicals.
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