2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Rust greatly weakens apple and pear trees, reducing their winter hardiness. With its especially strong development, leaves fall prematurely from fruit trees, and individual skeletal branches and shoots often die off. Also, on the tree trunks, nodules, swellings and wounds form, which look rather unaesthetic. In addition to apple trees with pears, rust often affects quince
A few words about the disease
When damaged by rust, rounded specks of reddish (or rusty) shades are initially formed on the upper sides of the apple leaves, the size of which gradually increases. And closer to the middle of summer, on the lower sides of the leaves attacked by the disease, you can see star-like outgrowths growing.
On the leaves of a pear, the specks are usually round, painted in orange-yellowish tones and have a pronounced crimson edging. In this case, on the surface of the specks, you can observe little black dots.
On the fruits of infected trees, which can also be affected by rust, the specks are usually larger than those on the leaves. Most often they are concentrated near the cups. Affected fruits are almost always characterized by deformation and underdevelopment.
A pathogenic fungus causes rust, for which the juniper serves as an intermediate host plant.
Initially, rust develops on juniper bushes, causing a rapid proliferation of their tissues, as well as the formation of outgrowths, on which, with the onset of spring, spores carried by the wind to fruit trees appear. In this case, not only leaves are infected, but also shoots with fruits. Harmful spores develop on the skeletal twigs and shoots of juniper, as well as on its cones and needles. Germinating, they form a pathogenic wintering mycelium. On the parts of plants attacked by the misfortune, thickening can often be seen.
How to fight
It is highly undesirable to grow apple trees with pears near juniper plantings, since the development of rust is in close connection with them. If the juniper is cultivated on the site as an ornamental plant, then, without waiting for the spread of pathogenic spores, the infected branches should be removed in early spring. And windbreak around the gardens will be an excellent barrier to the entry of harmful rust spores from nearby woodlands. These are understood as protective zones formed by tall trees with a dense crown.
Bordeaux liquid, sulfur preparations and a number of different fungicides have a good effect against rust. Bordeaux liquid is usually used in one percent. You can also carry out treatments with colloidal sulfur, lime-sulfuric broth, as well as suspensions of "Polycarbacin", "Champion", "Kuproksat" or "Tsineba". Good against rust and fungicide called "Topaz". And from folk remedies, you can use a decoction of horsetail, as well as infusions of mullein, ash or marigolds.
For apple and pear rust, they are treated, as a rule, in the same period of time as for scab. The first treatment usually falls before the flowering of fruit crops, and then they are sprayed at the end of flowering and a couple of weeks later. However, if the garden was previously treated against powdery mildew and scab, additional spraying against rust may not be carried out - the measures taken will be quite enough.
At the end of leaf fall, it is recommended to spray the trees abundantly with a solution of urea - ten liters of water of this product will require 700 g.
Before the buds bloom in early spring, all wounds on skeletal branches and shoots attacked by rust must be cleaned until healthy wood appears, then thoroughly disinfected with a five percent solution of copper sulfate, and then covered with a special putty. And the heavily affected parts of the trees should be cut off: the skeletal branches are cut off ten centimeters below the lesions, and the shoots - five centimeters. Usually this procedure is carried out at the end of February or at the beginning of March.
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