2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
A healthy garden is the key to an excellent harvest of berries and fruits. But, unfortunately, shrubs and trees are often exposed to various diseases, the pear is no exception. The most common and dangerous disease is considered to be rust. If you notice red spots and outgrowths-horns on the foliage, it began to fall prematurely, which means that your pear needs urgent treatment! How and how to help the tree?
The main reason for the appearance
The causative agent of the disease is a pathogenic fungus called Gymnosporangium sabinae. But the peculiarity lies in the fact that it needs two hosts at once for development and reproduction, that is, the pear itself and the juniper itself. By the way, rust is a disease that affects not only pears. She is subject to apple, quince, honeysuckle, hawthorn and other fruit and berry crops. Also, the disease can affect cereals, fruit and flower crops.
The fungus hibernates on the juniper, and with the onset of warmth, with the help of the wind, the spores move to the pear. The second, by the way, is not the final link in the development of a pathogenic fungus. Moreover, even if you plant a juniper in another corner of the site, it will not be possible to protect the pear, since the spores can be transported over long distances. From several meters to several tens of kilometers. So from year to year. And if usually the fungus does not hibernate on a pear, then in warm winters it is quite possible. The pathogenic fungus simply does not freeze out, continuing to spread throughout the garden.
What are the signs of the disease?
The first symptoms are yellow-orange spots of a round shape, which usually appear immediately after flowering, in different regions the dates are different - April, May. Gradually, the disease affects the petioles of the foliage, and sometimes the fruits. Approximately in the first or second decade of July, brown spots, covered with black dots, form on the foliage, and by autumn the same outgrowths-horns are formed on the back of the leaves. It is they who carry a huge amount of controversy.
How and with what to treat?
First of all, it should be noted that both crops need treatment - both pear and juniper. Alas, juniper disease can be called chronic, its treatment consists only in removing and burning diseased branches. But you can fight for the health of the pear. And the most important way to fight is to prevent it! A vulnerable period for the pathogen is a warm spring, it is then that the spores scatter over the site.
By the time the pear fades, it is urgently necessary to treat it with Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride, that is, preparations that contain copper. They will prevent spores from germinating if they have already hit the pear. It is important to carry out the processing several times - during flowering, after flowering, after 10-12 days.
If you did not manage to carry out the processing at the time of transfer of spores and mycelium is already forming on the surface of the foliage, you need to resort to heavier artillery. It can be systemic fungicides, such as Skor, Horus, Oksikhom, Raek, Topaz and others. Diluting preparations and processing pears should be strictly according to the instructions. It is important to take into account that the average duration of action of fungicides is 18-20 days, therefore 4-5 treatments must be carried out per season. But not all drugs can be used as often! Some of them, like Revus, can only be used once per season.
With the onset of autumn, it is important to re-treat with preparations containing copper - Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride. Treatment with iron sulfate is also useful, but it should be carried out in late September - early October. Since the pathogen is capable of hibernating in plant debris, it is necessary to collect all the foliage in autumn and burn it. It is impossible to use rusty foliage in compost, since the likelihood of preserving fungi is very high.
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