2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
If spots of red color appear on the leaves of a pear, which grow rather quickly and lead to premature fall of leaves, on the back of which growths appear in the form of small "horns", then, most likely, the malignant fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae has settled on your tree
Its main difference from other pathogens is that it needs not one "host", but at least two. And for some reason, as a second "host", this fungus most of all loves various junipers, which are now so often used to decorate the yard, flower bed or alpine slide. The fungus uses the second host plant to survive the winter safely. And then, in the spring, it moves to a pear tree, where it lives and develops. This fungus is most common in the warmer part of this country, where yield losses from this sore can reach 100%. Moreover, most often rust does not cause serious damage to the plant itself, except for the period when the leaves fall off too early, which weakens the plant and it can completely die.
By the way, junipers do not need to grow in your area or anywhere nearby to infect the pear with rust. In spring, when the weather is favorable, the spores of the fungus are separated from the host plant and are easily carried by the wind over a distance of up to fifty kilometers!
Signs of the disease
How to understand that an evil fungus has settled on your site? On a juniper (if yours is growing): wounds and swellings appear on the needles and cones. In the spring, you can find yellow gelatinous growths on the plant, it is in them that spores mature.
On a pear: first of all, the fungus manifests itself on the leaves, forming roundish yellow-orange spots on them. Most often, the first signs of the disease appear in the second half of April after flowering. Petioles, shoots and fruits can then be affected. By July, the color of the spots changes to dark brown or garnet with small black specks, the affected area increases. The peak of the disease occurs in September, by that time small growths-horns appear on the back of the leaves, in which many spores have matured. Spores for the winter from the "horns" will again move to the juniper, then germinate, create new spores and infect the pear. The cycle of the disease is approximately 1.5-2 years.
How to cure rust?
There is no way on the juniper, there is no medicine for the juniper. So just cut and burn off the fungus-affected sprouts. If the lesion is large, then, unfortunately, you will have to destroy the entire plant.
It is possible to cure a pear. First of all, cut off the affected shoots and branches, capturing 10-15 centimeters of the healthy part of the branches and shoots. Clean the wounds with a knife to a healthy tissue and treat with a solution of copper sulfate or a special disinfectant, and then treat with garden varnish.
In the spring, you will need to spray the pear with Bordeaux liquid 4 times: before flowering, during flowering, immediately after flowering and 10-12 days after it.
As a preventive measure, it is necessary to carry out regular spraying with special means 3-4 times during the season: before the leaves appear, before flowering, after it, carry out this operation two more times.
If you are just planning to plant a pear in your area, then in order to avoid the appearance of rust, choose varieties that are resistant to this fungus. There are quite a few of them and they are widespread. This way you will avoid at least one problem, and you will have to process trees using different means less.
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