2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Cytosporosis, also called stem rot or infectious desiccation, is a very dangerous and fairly widespread ailment that provokes the drying out of numerous areas of the bark, which can be accompanied by the death of part of the branches or the entire trees. Weakened trees with all kinds of damage to the bark are most susceptible to cytosporosis. Most often, this ailment attacks apple trees. It can be cured only at the initial stage of development, until the harmful fungus has managed to penetrate deep into the wood with cambium
A few words about the disease
The areas of the tree bark attacked by cytosporosis acquire a reddish-brownish color, and large tubercles containing fungal spores form on them. At the same time, the reservoirs of the pathogenic fungus look like numerous rough black dots randomly located throughout the entire area of the infected cortex. Such areas of the cortex, as a rule, are sharply delimited from healthy tissues, and it will not be difficult to detect them. Fungal spores are usually carried by insects or by wind.
The bark affected by the disease sinks slightly and subsequently dies off, and deep cracks form at the boundaries between infected and healthy tissues. When trying to separate the bark, it is often very crushed. And very thin twigs dry up completely and are completely covered with numerous black bumps.
Cytosporosis is often confused with black cancer, but these are completely different diseases. By the way, sometimes they can hit trees synchronously. Most often, cytosporosis is found only on strongly weakened trees, especially on those damaged by frost and sun. And the age of the trees does not matter.
How to fight
An important preventive measure against cytosporosis is adherence to agrotechnical standards, as well as compliance with the rules for caring for various fruit trees. They should not only be watered, fertilized (preferably with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers) and timely pruning, but also treated trees against a huge number of pests and diseases, and also try to increase their winter hardiness. Various mechanical damage to the bark, as well as any others, must be avoided.
All mummified fruits must be removed from the branches. Damaged areas of the bark must be cut with a sharp knife to the wood itself (approximately 2 centimeters). And then the wounds, carefully disinfected with two percent copper sulfate, are thoroughly treated with garden varnish. Completely dried infected branches are pruned and burned immediately.
On pruned trees, the wounds, having previously rubbed with sorrel, must also be covered with ocher on pure linseed oil (100 g of ocher for every 200 g of linseed oil) or with a previously prepared garden varnish. If the wounds are large, then it is advisable to apply physiological putty on them, which is made from fresh mullein and clay in a 1: 1 ratio. From above, such wounds are tied with high-quality sacking.
Supportive spraying of fruit trees is carried out in early spring. To carry it out, about 40 g of a drug called "Hom" is diluted in ten liters of water. Trees are sprayed as soon as leaf buds begin to swell. In this case, the air temperature should not be lower than fifteen degrees. The next spraying is organized before flowering, and another one after flowering. As a rule, 3-4 liters of the prepared solution are consumed for each large tree, and about two liters for a small one.
With the onset of late autumn, the tree trunks in the garden should be whitewashed. Whitewashing trunks with skeletal twigs is an important measure to prevent the formation of frost cracks and sunburn. For such whitewashing, clay (1 kg), copper sulfate (300 g) and lime in the amount of 2 - 3 kg are usually taken for ten liters of water. If necessary, whitewashing of trees can be repeated in February (in the second half of the month) or at the beginning of March.
To a large extent, fungicides used against moniliosis, scab and a number of other diseases also help to curb the development of adversity.
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