2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Under the name of spotting, diseases are combined, manifested by the formation mainly on the leaves of various types of spots. The main mass is caused by parasitic fungi. Many small globular fruiting bodies appear at the sites of lesions. Leaf spot occurs from improper use of pesticides, fertilizers, sunburn
Types of spots
5 types of spotting can be present on pear leaves:
• brown (phyllostictosis);
• white (septoria);
• brownish (entomosporiosis);
• annular;
• chlorotic.
Let's consider each option in more detail, choosing individual treatment measures.
Brown spot (phyllostictosis)
The causative agent of the disease is a mushroom. A sure sign is an irregular shape or rounded brown spots, often merging together, forming a single array. The disease manifests itself in the second half of the season.
Fruits are sometimes infected before harvesting. In this case, slightly depressed black spots with a diameter of 8 mm or more appear. The disease often develops as a secondary phenomenon along with insect damage, burns from the use of drugs, hail.
White spot (septoria)
The causative agent is a marsupial mushroom. The disease manifests itself in early summer, by August it is massively spread. Several generations are formed during the season.
White or grayish small spots appear on the leaves, framed in a circle with a brown border. In summer, black dots appear on a light background - the receptacles of the fungus. The green mass falls off ahead of time. Spores hibernate on fallen leaves.
Brownish spot (entomosporia)
The culprit is an imperfect mushroom. Strongly infects leaves, less often fruits. Numerous rounded small grayish or brownish spots appear on the leaf blade. In the central part there are dark dots - mushroom pycnidia with spores.
With a strong lesion, the spots merge into a single mass. The leaves turn brown, fall off early. Depressions are formed on the shoots, bending the branches, interfering with further development.
The disease develops more strongly in rainy summers at temperatures from 15 to 25 degrees. In winter, the fungus remains on fallen leaves in the form of spores, mycelium on the branches. In the early spring, the spores dissipate and a new infection begins.
Mushroom control measures
With diseases of a mushroom nature, the following measures are used:
1. Destruction of leaf litter, pruning diseased shoots.
2. Top dressing with complex mineral fertilizers to increase plant resistance to diseases.
3. During the growing season, spraying with milkweed infusion or with preparations of Bordeaux mixture, polycarbacin, or biological - phytosporin. Can be combined with anti-scab treatment.
Ring spot
The viral disease manifests itself on the leaves as separate foci in the form of light green alternating rings with a diameter of 3 mm or mottling. The main vectors are nematodes.
Chlorotic spot
The causative agent is a virus. A sure sign is the deformation of the leaf plate, followed by the death of the shoots. Brown rings form on the fruit.
The virus on the pear is more pronounced in dry weather, causing a ring mosaic. Reduces the winter hardiness of trees that suffer from low temperatures in winter and from a lack of soil moisture in summer.
Virus control measures
For spots of a viral nature, the following are suitable:
1. Use of planting material with a quality certificate.
2. Planting relatively resistant pear varieties.
3. Uprooting diseased trees.
4. Application of measures for the destruction of nematodes - the main vector of viruses.
Treatments against several diseases (rust, scab, spotting and others) can be combined using the same preparation. This reduces the amount of fungicides used.
Fruit rot, growths on the shoots will be considered in the next article.
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