2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Clasterosporium disease, otherwise called perforated spot, mainly affects fruit trees: plum, sweet cherry, cherry, peach, apricot and other stone fruit crops. Mainly clasterosporia affects them in the south of Russia. Also, this trouble is often encountered in the Moscow region (in its southern regions), as well as in the Ryazan and Tula regions. When clasterosporia is affected, the growth and development of plants are noticeably inhibited, the leaves dry out prematurely and fall off en masse, and the quality of the crop decreases along with its quantity
A few words about the disease
In the spring, light brown rounded specks, framed by edges of a crimson or reddish hue, begin to form on the leaves of stone fruit cultures. Their diameter is approximately 5 mm. Then, after one to two weeks, the dead spots quickly fade away, resulting in holes on the leaves.
On trees heavily affected by clasterosporium, the leaves dry out (partially or completely), and it is often possible to observe premature leaf fall.
As for the fruits, the manifestation of perforated spot on them is expressed in slightly depressed purple small specks, the size of which, as the disease develops, increases to 3 mm and takes on the appearance of unpleasant brownish warts with gum flowing from them. And in cherry and cherry berries in places of lesions, the pulp stops growing and dries quickly to the very bones.
The affected shoots and twigs are characterized by the formation of rounded specks on them, gradually turning into elongated ones. Gum often flows out of such specks. As a rule, their center is rather light, with reddish or dark edges.
Infected buds begin to blacken and die off, acquiring a "varnished" appearance, and the flowers crumble.
Overwintering of the causative agent of this fungal disease occurs on the affected buds and shoots, as well as in numerous gum-filled wounds.
How to fight
When growing stone fruit crops, it is recommended to select varieties resistant to clasterosporium. Among the most resistant varieties of apricot, one can distinguish Hasak VIR, Shalakh, Spitak, Pineapple and Red-cheeked, and among the varieties of peach, the most resistant varieties are Chinese varieties with white pulp, as well as European varieties with pink flowers and white pulp. The most suitable varieties of plums will be Hungarian homemade, Kirk, Anna Shpet, Hungarian Azhanskaya, as well as Early Renklod, purple and green. Of the varieties of cherries and cherries that are least affected by clasterosporia, such as: Tenderness, Zodiac, Ruddy cheeks, Early and large Shpanka, Valery Chkalov, Napoleon white and pink, Uyfegertovskaya gronovidnaya, Meteor early, Erdskaya yielding, Lyubitelskaya, Lyubskaya, Companion and Early Dessert.
Compliance with agrotechnical standards and the relevant rules for caring for fruit trees will also be of great benefit. Trees must be watered in a timely manner and periodically pampered with top dressing.
The affected branches must be removed, and the resulting wounds must be treated. For this purpose, they are cleaned, after which, after disinfecting with copper sulfate (one percent solution), rubbed with sorrel leaves three times, observing a ten-minute interval. And in conclusion, the treated wounds are coated with garden varnish.
The soil and fruit trees growing on it are sprayed with copper sulfate (1%) or nitrafen. This is done in early spring, before the tiny buds bloom.
Plants at the green cone stage, as well as at the stage of bud extension, can also be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid. Immediately after flowering, repeated spraying with Bordeaux liquid is carried out, and fifteen to twenty days later, a third spraying will be appropriate. It is important to remember that the last treatment must be carried out at least three weeks before the start of the harvest.
Also during the growing season, spraying is carried out with such preparations as "Abiga-Peak", "Horus", "Skor" and "Kuproksat".
All fallen foliage under garden trees should be removed in a timely manner, since spores of the fungus-causative agent of clasterosporium almost always hibernate in it. And the soil in the near-trunk circles must be dug up. The brown leaves left on the trees are also collected and immediately destroyed.
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