2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 15:51
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Latin name: Capsicum annuum Family: Nightshade Categories: Vegetable crops |
Pepper (lat. Capsicum annuum) Is an annual plant of the Solanaceae family. The culture is widespread in European countries, especially in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia, and is also cultivated in Russia.
Characteristics of culture
Pepper (variety - vegetable) is an annual plant with a highly branched root system, the bulk of the roots go into the soil to a depth of 60-80 cm, extending horizontally in a radius of up to 1.5 m. Young stems are soft and juicy, by the ripening period the fruits become lignified at the base. The leaves are round, sharp or heart-shaped, smooth, green or olive, located on the petioles.
The flowers are large, single or paired, wheel-shaped, collected in bunches. Corolla of white, yellow, purple or green color. The fruit is a false multi-seeded berry, depending on the variety, it can be orange, red, yellow, green and even brown. The weight of the fruit varies from 25 to 250 g, the shape is cuboid, cone-shaped, cylindrical, oval, heart-shaped, etc.
Growing conditions
Pepper is a culture that is demanding for warmth and light, prefers areas that are well lit by the sun and protected from the wind. Soils are preferable light, with a rich mineral composition and pH 6, 0 - 7, 0. Acidic soils require preliminary liming. The best predecessors are green manure, cucumber, cabbage, onion, pumpkin, carrot, and vegetable marrow. It is undesirable to plant peppers after potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and physalis.
Growing seedlings, planting in open ground
Sowing pepper for seedlings is carried out in the second decade of February. Plant seeds need pre-sowing treatment: first, they are kept in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then placed in warm water for five hours, and then wrapped in a damp cloth or gauze until pecking. Carrying out these procedures will allow you to get earlier shoots.
Sowing is carried out in special boxes filled with a soil mixture consisting of loose soil not infested with pests, peat, humus and sand (2: 4: 1: 1), and fertilized with wood ash, urea and superphosphate. Many gardeners advise sowing peppers in individual pots, since the plants do not tolerate picking well. But, despite this, most summer residents do not adhere to this rule, and they grow seedlings in a common container, followed by a pick.
Immediately after sowing, the soil is thoroughly shed, covered with plastic wrap and placed in a warm place until shoots appear. The optimum temperature for pepper seedlings is 25-27C. Once every two days, the crops are sprayed with warm water from a spray bottle. Observing all the rules, seedlings will appear in about one to two weeks.
With the emergence of seedlings, the seedling boxes are transferred to the windowsills or other well-lit place, and the film is removed. Insufficient lighting, as a rule, leads to stretching of seedlings, which is highly undesirable. A fluorescent lamp should be used to illuminate the seedlings. After unfolding the cotyledon leaves of the seedlings, full watering is carried out. Top dressing before picking should not be carried out.
When 1-2 true leaves appear on the seedlings, the seedlings are dived in separate containers. The seedlings are carefully dug in with a fork and taken out of the box along with a lump of earth. When diving, you must carefully ensure that the root of the seedling does not tuck up.
On the 7-10th day after the pick, the first feeding with nitrophosphate and mullein solution is carried out. Then, once a week, the seedlings are watered with a rhizoplan solution. 2 weeks before planting seedlings in open ground, the plants are hardened, taking the containers to fresh air. In central Russia, planting of pepper seedlings is carried out in the third decade of May. The distance between plantings should be at least 35-40 cm, and between rows - 45-50 cm.
Care
Regular and timely watering, weeding and feeding are the main tasks of caring for vegetable peppers. It is also necessary to loosen the soil near the plant stems, but very carefully so as not to damage the root system. Tall specimens are tied up, and the first flower that appears at the fork in the stems and the stepsons are removed. In the sun, the plants are covered with breathable material. Periodically carry out preventive treatments against pests and diseases.
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Water Pepper
Water pepper is one of the plants of the family called buckwheat, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Poligonum hydropiper L. As for the name of the water pepper family, in Latin it will be like this: Poligonaceae Juss. Description of water pepper Water pepper is an annual herb, the height of which will be about thirty to sixty centimeters.
Cayenne Pepper
Cayenne pepper (Latin Capsicum annuum 'Cayenne') , or chili pepper is an agricultural crop with a fairly high content of capsaicin. The first crops of cayenne pepper were harvested as early as the 6th - 7th centuries. n. NS. History Tropical America is considered to be the birthplace of cayenne pepper.
Serrano Pepper
Serrano pepper (lat.Capsicum annuum Serrano) - one of the varieties of chili peppers. Description Serrano pepper is a plant that produces quite interesting bullet-shaped fruits. In this case, the size of each fruit usually does not exceed four centimeters.
Habañero Pepper
Habanero pepper (lat.Capsicum chinense) Is a plant from the Solanaceae family, originating from South America and is a type of chili pepper. Description The fruits of the habanero pepper are very pretty heart-shaped, and their weight usually does not exceed fifteen grams.
Saffron Pepper
Saffron pepper It is also known under the name of decorated pepper, in Latin the name of this plant will sound as follows: Piper ornatum. Saffron pepper is one of the plants in the family called peppercorns, in Latin the name of this plant will be:
