2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Cayenne pepper (Latin Capsicum annuum 'Cayenne'), or chili pepper is an agricultural crop with a fairly high content of capsaicin. The first crops of cayenne pepper were harvested as early as the 6th - 7th centuries. n. NS.
History
Tropical America is considered to be the birthplace of cayenne pepper. At least, this is evidenced by the data found in Peruvian burials. Pepper began to be cultivated in this region long before the appearance of Europeans in America. And now hot peppers are grown in almost every country. Especially often its thickets can be seen in Mexico, Thailand and India.
Description
Cayenne pepper is a plant that often reaches a height of one and a half meters. Young shoots of cayenne pepper are greenish in color, while light purple hues can be seen in the nodes. In most cases, the shoots are glabrous, but sometimes they can be pubescent. And the light brown bark of plants is characterized by some roughness.
Smooth leaves of cayenne pepper, reaching a length of fifteen to twenty centimeters, have an elliptical shape and are arranged alternately.
The flowers on the plant are either white-purple or completely white. By the way, cayenne pepper is characterized by flowering and fruiting throughout the year. However, its most abundant flowering can be observed in June, and fruiting in August.
The fruits of cayenne pepper are berries endowed with small-sized pericarp, the shape of which can vary from proboscis to globular. And the capsaicin contained in the fruits gives them a pronounced bitter taste.
As a rule, unripe fruits are colored purple or greenish, and ripe peppers can be either red or yellow, or black, white or purple.
Collection and storage
Ripe fruits for the subsequent production of spices are collected and dried in direct sunlight, and then the raw materials are ground into powder. In most cases, the powder has a grayish yellow or rich yellow color.
Dried cayenne peppers should be stored in glass containers fitted with hermetically sealed lids.
Growing
Cayenne pepper can be easily grown indoors and eaten fresh with care. However, most often this crop is grown in personal plots.
In general, growing cayenne peppers is similar to growing bell peppers or tomatoes. In principle, this is not surprising, because these cultures are related. Best of all, this plant will feel in greenhouses. Seeds for growing it are usually harvested in advance and planted indoors as early as February. Ideally, the cayenne pepper should be close to windows as it needs good lighting.
As soon as the seedlings grow up, and a pair of real leaves appear on it, they dive into individual pots. And plants that have reached ten to fifteen centimeters in height can be safely transplanted into greenhouses. Some gardeners grow cayenne pepper in large enough pots, which, if necessary, can always be moved under cover (for example, if the thermometer drops below ten to twelve degrees at night).
Air humidity also plays an important role in the successful development of cayenne pepper. When hot weather is established, plants need to be provided with daily watering in the morning or in the evening.
As for dressings, cayenne pepper is very unpretentious to them - it will be quite enough for the ash and humus introduced in the fall.
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