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Latin name: Allium cepa Family: Onion Categories: Vegetable crops |
Bulb onion (lat. Allium cepa) - widespread vegetable culture; perennial plant (biennial in culture) of the Onion family.
Characteristics of culture
Bulb onion is a herbaceous plant. In the first year of cultivation, a bulb is formed in the plant, in the second year - a uterine turnip and a flowering stem, which gives seeds. Onions are obtained by sowing seeds in open ground or by seedlings. Onions are also grown by planting onion sets. The bulb of the plant is scarious, scaly, up to 10-15 cm in diameter. The outer scales are yellow, purple or white, always dry, the inner ones are white, green or purple, fleshy, located on a shortened stem (otherwise the bottom). In the sinuses of the juicy scales of the bottom, buds are formed, which give rise to daughter bulbs.
The leaves of the culture are green with a bluish bloom, tubular. The flower arrow is long (up to 1.5 m in height), hollow, slightly swollen, at the end it has a multi-flowered umbellate inflorescence. The flowers are greenish-white, located on thin pedicels. The perianth is six-petalled, reaches 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The fruit is a capsule, contains 4-6 seeds. Seeds are wrinkled, very small, triangular, black. Flowering takes place in late June - early July. The fruits ripen in early August.
Growing conditions
Bulb onion is a cold-resistant plant, the optimum growing temperature is 16-23C. Seeds germinate at a temperature of 3-5C, seedlings can withstand frosts down to -1C, and adult plants - up to -5C. Onions are not picky about growing conditions, however, they give good and high-quality yields on fertile, well-fertilized soils with a neutral pH reaction. The culture has a negative attitude towards acidic soils, preliminary liming is required. Plots are preferable well lit, sheltered from northerly winds.
Growing onions from onion sets
Before planting onion sets, the soil is dug up, wood ash, superphosphate and rotted humus are added. Planting is carried out either in autumn or early spring. When planting in autumn, the ridges are insulated with plastic wrap or sawdust. The distance between the bulbs should be 8-10 cm and between the rows 18-20 cm. The planting depth depends on the size of the bulb.
Growing onions on a feather
Many gardeners, in addition to onions, grow onions from onions. Planting onions on a feather is carried out in autumn, in cold regions at the end of September, in warm regions at the beginning of October. The distance between the bulbs should be about 5-6 cm, between the rows - 13-15 cm. Ridges with plantings are mulched with peat or sawdust for insulation.
Care
Onions need regular watering, especially during germination; watering should be stopped a month before the bulbs ripen. Culture and fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers are required, they greatly accelerate the growth of onions and affect its quality. For top dressing, it is advisable to use superphosphate and potassium salt, the aisles can be sprinkled with wood ash. Weeding and loosening are no less important measures for onion care.
Pest and disease control
Quite often, plants are affected by downy mildew, or downy mildew. The first signs of the disease are wilting and yellowing of the leaves ahead of time. In humid areas, the disease manifests itself as a gray or gray-purple coating on the leaves. Peronosporosis is transmitted from bulb to bulb. As a preventive measure, the day before planting, onion sets are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Among the dangerous pests of onions is the onion fly. It is very difficult to deal with it. For prevention, it is necessary to sprinkle the aisles with lime or wood ash.
Harvesting and storage
Lodging of leaves indicates that it is time to start harvesting. As a rule, onions ripen in mid-August. The bulbs are carefully pulled out of the soil, dried in the sun, cleaned from the earth and tied into braids. You can also trim the leaves and fold the dry bulbs into a net or nylon stocking. Store onions in dry ventilated rooms at a temperature of 3-5C.
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Turfy Onion
Sod onion (lat.Allium caespitosum) - a representative of the Onion genus of the Onion family. It is a native of Kazakhstan, in its natural form it is also found on the territory of the Russian Federation. Typical habitats are sands. Characteristics of culture Sod onion is a perennial herb with an unexpressed bulb.
Red Onion
Red onion (lat.Allium cepa) Is a vegetable plant belonging to the very spicy Onion family. Red onions are also called "Yalta" or "Crimean". Description The fruits of the red onion are covered with a rather pretty reddish-purple skin, under which a juicy pulp is hidden, colored in violet-whitish shades.
Oblique Onion
Oblique onion (lat.Allium obliquum) - a representative of the Onion genus of the Onion family. It is represented by perennial herbaceous plants. Under natural conditions, it grows in the European part of Russia, Central Asia, Mongolia, China and Romania.
Round-headed Onion
Round-headed onion (lat.Allium sphaerocephalon) - a representative of the Onion genus of the Onion family. A perennial herb used in garden landscaping. Natural area - Western Asia, North Africa and Europe. Typical dreams are steppes, slopes and hills.
