2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Sesame is one of the oldest and most important oilseeds. Sesame seeds make a great oil, and their seeds have long been used as a condiment. In order to fully enjoy all the beneficial properties of this plant, some summer residents try to grow sesame seeds in their own plots. And in order for its cultivation to be as successful as possible, it is important not to forget that sesame, like all other plants, is susceptible to attacks of all sorts of ailments. How do harmful misfortunes manifest themselves on this beautiful plant?
Fusarium wilting
This ill-fated attack can be found both on adult crops and on tiny seedlings. Purple, slightly elongated spots appear on the stalks of young sesame, and their root necks are tightened with an unpleasant pinkish bloom. As a result of such lesions, infected seedlings die quickly enough. And on adult cultures attacked by a harmful disease, the leaves turn brown and curl, the tops droop, the seeds are formed frail, and elongated purple spots can be seen on the stems.
If Fusarium affects the sesame seeds too much, then the plants will shed their leaves, turn black and stand with open bolls.
Ascochitosis
This disease can be encountered around the middle of the growing season. Angular specks of brownish shades appear on the sesame leaves, and after some time they turn gray and become covered with numerous pycnidia. The affected leaves dry out and fall off rather quickly.
Gray rot
The manifestations of this ailment can be observed on the leaves, on the stalks and especially on the sesame bolls - a dusty coating of a brownish-gray or ash-grayish hue appears on them. Plant tissues under a destructive bloom soak, turn brown and begin to rot. Gray rot develops especially strongly on overly thickened crops, as well as with excessive watering in irrigated areas and in case of heavy rainfall.
Verticillary wilting
The main target for this disease is adult plants - they instantly turn brown and gradually dry out. And if you cut the stems, then on their sections you can see noticeably darkened vascular rings. Verticillosis develops most intensively in areas where infected cultures are already growing.
Phylostictosis
Angular dark brown spots appear on sesame between leaf veins, which are subsequently covered with pinpoint pycnidia. Sick leaves dry up and fall off, which in turn significantly reduces the productivity of growing crops.
Powdery mildew
A whitish powdery coating forms on the affected sesame leaves, gradually covering the entire leaf surfaces. Sick leaves wither and are characterized by pronounced fragility.
Mosaic
Mosaic chlorotic specks are formed along the leaf veins on sesame. After some time, the leaves begin to curl downward, and also become very fragile and curly.
Bacteriosis
On stalks with leaves, as well as on sesame boxes, you can see numerous specks that can look like dark rims or be angular. And a little later, white halos appear around the spots. In the mornings, when the dew has not yet dried on the leaves, you can see extremely unpleasant accumulations of bacteria in the form of mucus on the specks with the naked eye. And as soon as the mucus dries up, thin whitish films will appear on the specks.
Late blight
This ailment attacks both sesame seedlings and grown crops. On seedlings (on young leaves and on cotyledons), first yellowish, and subsequently brownish, rounded specks are formed. And from the lower sides in the places where these spots are located, a characteristic grayish bloom begins to appear. If the lesions are very strong, then the cotyledons with leaves will begin to dry out, which in turn will lead to a noticeable thinning of crops. And on older plants, young parts of the stems, as well as leaves with capsules, are affected - they all turn brown and slowly dry out.
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