2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Powdery mildew attacks late pea crops with particular force. Most often this happens in the central black earth regions. In addition to peas, this attack is capable of affecting some other legumes (rank, broad beans and vetch). Powdery mildew can be noticed as soon as the peas bloom, and this ailment develops until the end of its growing season. Infected crops begin to lag behind in development, and the harvest is characterized by rather small volumes and very low quality
A few words about the disease
Powdery mildew appears mainly on the tops of pea leaves as a whitish powdery coating. She does not bypass the side and stems with bracts, as well as flowers with beans. After some time, the unpleasant plaque begins to thicken and turns into dirty gray tones. Such a change in color is due to the formation of pathogenic cleistothecia.
In the case of a particularly powerful defeat of pea plantings with powdery mildew, the infected plants acquire a rather coarse consistency and slowly die off.
The causative agent of a destructive misfortune is a harmful marsupial fungus, which forms marsupial and conidial sporulation. Conidia are very easily carried by various insects, raindrops and wind, provoking an almost lightning-fast spread of the ill-fated misfortune over pea crops. High humidity in combination with a temperature of about twenty degrees is considered favorable for their germination.
Closer to the end of the growing season, the formation of cleistothecia begins on the mycelium. Initially, they are painted in pale yellow tones, and a little later they acquire a brownish-black color. All cleistothecia are characterized by a spherical shape and reach a diameter of 84 to 169 microns. In winter, they form from five to eight bags containing from two to six ascospores. The sides of the bags are uneven, they are somewhat narrowed downward and differ in an elliptical shape. As a rule, ascospores are elliptical and always colorless. Ripening in the spring, they become the primary source of infection for pea crops. Sumcospores germinate quite actively on young plants, forming one or two sprouts, which subsequently develop into a mycelium.
The ill-fated infection spreads especially intensively at a relative humidity of seventy to eighty percent and at a temperature of twenty to twenty-five degrees. The incubation period under these conditions is only four to five days.
If the pea plantings have been attacked by powdery mildew strongly enough, the grain yield is reduced by an average of five times.
How to fight
Peas crops in the crop rotation should be placed in such a way that they are located at a distance from the plots where various perennial legumes and all kinds of legumes were cultivated. And it is allowed to return peas to their former places no earlier than after three to four years. The introduction of phosphorus and potash fertilizers will serve well.
Unfortunately, pea varieties that are completely resistant to powdery mildew do not currently exist. However, it was noticed that the variety Ramonsky 77 is slightly less affected by this disease than the others. The varieties Belladonna 18 (vegetable peas) and Mtskheta (grain peas) are also less susceptible.
When the first signs of the ill-fated powdery mildew are found, the vegetation is pollinated with ground sulfur, mixed with freshly slaked lime in a 2: 1 ratio. Spraying with colloidal sulfur, more precisely, with its 1% suspension, also helps to achieve good results. By the way, on seed plots, it is advisable to repeat the treatment against this harmful ailment every five to ten days.
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