Beans: Features Of Cultivation

2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38

Despite their close relationship, peas and beans nevertheless have very different characteristics in terms of temperature preferences. If pea seeds germinate already at values of + 2 … + 3 ° C, then beans need at least + 10 ° C. What else do you need to know when growing this nutritious product?

Conditions for growing beans

Beans belong to the group of heat-loving plants. The optimum temperature for the development of this legume is + 25 ° C. Crops are extremely sensitive to frost. As soon as the thermometer falls below 0 ° C, the seedlings die.

In addition to heat, beans require light. With a lack of lighting, the plants begin to stretch. And despite the peculiarity of the structure of the beans, this negatively affects the volume of the harvest. Another factor that can spoil the crop is both excess and lack of moisture, especially during the setting phase of the beans.

Preparing a site for beans

The most important fertilizers for beans are with phosphorus and potassium compounds. It is recommended to fill the site with potassium chloride or potassium salt, superphosphate, in addition, ammonium nitrate.

In addition to complex mineral fertilizers, organic materials are used. If there is manure, it is not applied immediately under the beans, but only under the previous crop. But humus can be used immediately (up to approximately 1 kg per 1 sq. M. Garden area).

Sowing beans

The depth of planting seeds in the soil is about 4-5 cm. The approximate calculation of the amount of seeds is 25-30 g per 1 square meter. Crops are carried out in both ordinary and nesting methods:

• with the ordinary method, the holes are made at a distance of no more than 8 cm, the row spacing is left about 30 cm;

• for nesting - sowing is done in a checkerboard pattern of 40x40 cm, using 6-7 seeds.

For the rational use of the area of the site, the crops of beans are combined with other crops. Potato and cabbage beds, planting of cucumbers and tomatoes, beets, corn can be located nearby. With this solution, a row of beans is arranged every 4-5 rows of another garden crop.

The optimum sowing period occurs when the soil at the planting depth reaches a temperature of + 13 … + 14 ° C. It is possible a little earlier, but it is not worth delaying further, otherwise the yield will significantly decrease. If you hurry up and sow beans on a par with peas, this will not only reduce germination, but during prolonged cold weather leads to rotting of swollen seeds or sprouted seedlings. Those who want to receive products at an earlier date are advised to use film shelters.

Bean planting care

Bean feeding is carried out according to the following scheme:

• the first - when a real sheet appears. This will require up to 30 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium salt and 0.5 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 square meter.

• the second - during the budding period. This time, only superphosphate and potassium salt are used.

In addition to watering and fertilizing, it is necessary to loosen the beds. The first time it is performed when the bean sprouts overcome the 5 cm mark. The second time it is required after the appearance of two true leaves. In the future, the soil under the beans is loosened after moistening the soil - by watering or rain.

You can harvest at the stage of green beans - on a shoulder blade, as well as for grain. In the first case, this can be started already after a week and a half after the formation of the ovary. The trick is to have time to do it in the morning - if you do it later, they will sooner fade.

Grain harvesting is controlled from below. Ripe beans have a characteristic skin color. If you miss the moment, the crop will begin to peel and crumble.

Let's not forget that legumes are siderates. And during harvesting, do not rush to pull out the bean shoots by the roots. For convenience, you can cut them off at the soil surface, and the roots will still enrich the earth with nitrogen.