2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Is there a need for seed treatment and germination before sowing?
Processing, disinfection of seeds
Seeds must be processed if:
- unsure of the quality of seeds (by external signs);
- if the seeds were personally collected from vegetables that were sick during the growth;
- seeds of unknown origin;
- seeds of firms that do not inspire confidence.
To protect future plants from diseases, such seeds must be processed and prepared for sowing.
Seeds in branded packages purchased in seed shops do not need to be processed. Such seeds have already undergone thermal and protective treatment.
The easiest and most reliable way to treat seeds is to warm them in hot water: in water with a temperature of 45-50 degrees C, the seeds are immersed in a gauze bag for 15-20 minutes. It is advisable to carry out this procedure in a thermos or in a well-wrapped container. Then the seeds are dried and sowed.
There are several more ways to disinfect seeds with drugs. The disinfection procedure is the same: dip the seeds in a gauze bag into the solution for 20 minutes. Then rinse the seeds in clean water and dry. All solutions (except for the ash solution) are ready for disinfection immediately after preparation.
- manganese solution (1 g per 0.5 cups of warm water);
- boric acid solution (1 g per 0.5 cups of warm water);
- a solution of copper sulfate (1 g per 0.5 cups of warm water);
- a solution of baking soda (0.5 teaspoon of baking soda for 0.5 cups of warm water);
- ash solution. Insist 1 teaspoon of wood ash in 0.5 glass of warm water for 2 days, then just process the seeds, holding them for 20 minutes in this solution.
Preservation of germination of seeds of some vegetable crops
It must be remembered: with every year of storage, the percentage of germination of seeds decreases.
Eggplant: the shelf life of seeds is 4-5 years, the period of emergence of seedlings at 20 degrees. 8-14 days.
Zucchini: the shelf life of seeds is 6-8 years, the period of emergence of seedlings at 20 degrees. 4-8 days.
Cabbage: the shelf life of seeds is 4-5 years, the period of emergence of seedlings at 20 degrees. 5-10 days.
Onion: the shelf life of seeds is 3-4 years, the period of emergence of seedlings at 20 degrees. 12 days.
Carrot: the shelf life of seeds is 3-5 years, the germination period is 10 days.
Cucumber: the shelf life of seeds is 6-8 years, the period of emergence of seedlings is 4-8 days.
Pepper: the shelf life of seeds is 2-3 years, the germination period is 10-14 days.
Tomatoes: the shelf life of seeds is 3-5 years, the period of emergence of seedlings is 6-10 days.
Germination of seeds
If old seeds or seeds of unknown origin are being prepared for sowing, then they must be checked for the germination of soaking.
The best 10 seeds are visually selected from the batch and distributed on a damp cloth, also covered with a damp cloth. The "sandwich" is placed on a plate and covered tightly with a film. Put in a warm place.
After half of the period from the total germination period of seeds, count the seeds that have hatched. If out of 10 seeds more than 8 hatched, then the seeds are of good quality and the germination rate is 80%.
With a germination rate of less than 80%, seeds are treated with growth stimulants or sown in larger quantities.
It makes no sense to sow seeds less than 30%.
A mistake that can be avoided when germinating seeds.
Often, to accelerate seed germination, they are soaked in water and kept until sprouting. Then the germinated seeds are planted in the ground, and the remaining (not germinated) are thrown away.
When germinating seeds in water, first of all, weaker, not fully ripe and with a thin protective shell seeds, seeds with a low life potential, hatch. Such seeds are quickly saturated with moisture and thus, the exchange process in the embryo starts faster, the outer shell is destroyed faster.
When germinating seeds in the ground (natural conditions), the chance of survival of seeds with low life potential is not great. Germinating quickly in water, these seeds in soil cannot overcome the resistance of an earthen barrier and die.
Therefore, the best way to germinate seeds is to sow seeds in their natural growing environment - in the soil where the strongest seeds germinate, and, therefore, the seedlings will be of much better quality.
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