2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
If you find a tick embedded in your body, do not panic. Firstly, it is not a fact that it is infectious, and secondly, by taking the necessary measures, you can avoid troubles, even with a viral infection
Walks in parks, hikes in the forest, field, fishing portend an encounter with blood-sucking parasites, the activity of which increases with the onset of spring. Researchers of the world fauna confirm the existence of more than 40 thousand species of such arthropods, of which ixodid ticks (680 species) are dangerous. This group can be carriers of borreliosis, typhoid, fever, encephalitis, eolichiosis, etc.
To prevent the risk of a bite, before going out into nature, you need to choose closed clothes of a light tone - this technique makes it easier to notice the insect. During the walk, it is advisable to examine yourself at intervals of 15 minutes. It is imperative to be treated with special means - repellents. If, nevertheless, the tick has bitten, what should be done?
Removing the tick
Being within the city limits or having the opportunity to get to a medical institution, it is imperative to use the services of a doctor. Such patients will be accepted in any trauma center, in the departments of the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations. The specialist will correctly remove the insect and send it for analysis to determine the possible danger. If a visit to the doctor is not possible, get a consultation by phone 03.
If you are far from civilization, then you need to remove the parasite yourself. This must be done without delay. It is important to know that with a long stay on the skin in a sucking state, the greatest penetration of the virus occurs, strong deepening and problematic removal.
Removing the tick is usually done with a special two-toothed hook, with which the insect is fixed and twisted. In the absence of a special tool, you need to find tweezers. The capture is carried out at the bottom of the head near the proboscis. Next, you need to rotate until the parasite is completely out of the skin. There is an option for extracting with a thread: having tied a knot around the proboscis, you should slowly, smoothly pull until it is completely removed.
In any case, you need to try to maintain the integrity of the insect, since sudden movements lead to the separation of the tail, the body from the head. The rest causes inflammation, suppuration, aggravation of the condition. The severed head continues to infect, as it contains a high concentration of viral bacteria. If the head remains, it is removed as an ordinary splinter, prying with a needle, opening the skin. The wound is lubricated with iodine, alcohol. The removed specimen is placed in a vial and kept in a cool place, preferably in a refrigerator. Later it is taken for analysis.
We hand over the tick to the laboratory
At the nearest medical facility, you can get information about the place of the upcoming examination (address, opening hours). The extracted insect cannot be kept unchanged for more than 2 days, so you should not delay with the trip. Such a copy must be alive - this is a prerequisite. In the laboratory, the results of the analysis will be ready and the possibility of infection will be determined. The research time depends on the workload of the institution, it can take several hours, sometimes it can be 2-3 days.
What to do next?
In epidemiological areas, the risk of contracting encephalitis or other diseases is quite high. If trouble has occurred in such a region, then it is imperative to vaccinate anti-tick-borne iodantipyrine, immunoglobulin. This service can be obtained at tick-borne encephalitis seroprevention points. It is advisable to vaccinate on the first day, the allowable limit is 96 hours. If the region is not considered unfavorable, then vaccination is optional.
It is recommended to additionally start taking medications to increase immunity (interferon). Antibiotics are not recommended as they may complicate further therapy in some cases.
When to donate blood for tests
There is no need to rush to detect infection and establish an accurate diagnosis, infectious manifestations in the blood can be detected 10-14 days after the bite. A blood test makes it possible to completely eliminate doubts and confirm the absence of a disease.
In cases of ambiguity, in the results of the study or in the presence of signs of the disease, it is advisable to re-analyze 2 weeks after the initial one. The complete absence of symptoms for two months makes it possible to calm down - the threat has passed, you are healthy.
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