2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Hazel (lat. Corylus) - nut culture; shrub or tree of the Birch family. Another name is hazel. Under natural conditions, hazel grows in coniferous-deciduous forests in Eurasia and North America. Currently, the species is especially popular among gardeners - Common hazel. In the Crimea and the Caucasus, large hazel, or Lombard nut, is widely cultivated. In total, about 20 species are known. Many species are used not only as nut-bearing plants, but also for landscaping gardens and parks.
Characteristics of culture
Hazel, or hazel, is a deciduous shrub or tree 4-10 m high, sometimes up to 25 m with beautiful broad-oval leaves and elegant catkins formed in spring, valuable wood and nutritious nuts in autumn. With the onset of warmth after a long winter, the buds of the plants burst and quickly open up with a clear crackle of bud scales, heard throughout the entire area. The leaves are simple, large, outwardly similar to the body of a fish, or rather, a bream, hence the name of the culture. In autumn, the leaves turn yellow, orange or red; not so long ago, varieties with golden and purple leaves were bred. Some forms are distinguished by intricately curved branches, which makes them even more decorative.
The advantage of the culture is early fruiting, relatively fast growth and longevity. Under favorable growing conditions, hazel trees bear fruit for 80-150 years. Plants have a strong root system, so they are often used to strengthen ravines and slopes. Hazel is frost-resistant; only flowers can suffer from spring frosts. Hazel pollen is the strongest allergen. The flowers of the culture are unisexual: the males are collected in dense cylindrical earrings, located on short petioles, and the females are in inflorescences in the form of buds, sitting in the axils of the bracts. The fruit is a one-seeded ligneous nut surrounded by a plyus formed from one bracts and two pre-leaves of a female flower.
Growing conditions
Hazel is not demanding on growing conditions, in many respects it is not whimsical. However, it develops better in lighted areas with fertile, well-moistened, slightly acidic or alkaline soil. Hazel does not tolerate saline and waterlogged soils.
The culture is also sensitive to compacted soils, which is directly related to the superficial root system. The plant is shade-tolerant, can easily grow in semi-shaded areas with diffused light. Shaded forms with red leaves become less vivid, but overall appearance remains unchanged.
Reproduction and planting
Zinnias are propagated by seeds, root suckers, layering, shoots and dividing the bush. Some forms are also propagated by cuttings and grafting. The kidney vaccination is carried out at the beginning of August, this is the most optimal time. Cuttings are harvested in the fall. Other types of reproduction are also carried out in the fall, or rather a couple of months before the onset of stable frosts, otherwise the planting material will not have time to take root and die.
When hazelnut is propagated by seed, the nuts are sown into the ground immediately after collection. They are pre-moistened in kerosene, this is necessary so that they are not damaged or eaten by rodents. In regions with arid climates, seeds are stratified and planted in the ground in late autumn under a shelter.
Spring sowing is not prohibited. Nuts are soaked in water for about five days, after which they are stratified for four months in sand in a cool room with a temperature of 0-5C. At the end of stratification, the nuts are placed in snow and then planted in the ground. Overdried nuts stratify for about a year, otherwise they will not sprout.
Care
The soil in the near-trunk zone is regularly loosened and mulched. Every year the plants are fed with mineral fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers have a good effect on the growth and productivity of the crop. An excess of potash fertilizers leads to a decrease in the yield of nuts. Organic matter is applied once every three years. Watering is rare, in drought. Thinning pruning is carried out in the fifth year, shaping and rejuvenating pruning - annually in March.
It is better to grow hazel in the form of a standard tree, this approach simplifies care and increases yields. For the winter, the lower branches of the plants are bent to the soil surface and covered with snow. Hazel is prone to various diseases and pests, the most dangerous for the culture are gray rot, anthroknosis, nut weevil and kidney mites.
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Witch Hazel
Hamamelis (lat.Hamamelis) Is a genus of deciduous shrubs of the Witch hazel family. Under natural conditions, witch hazel grows along the shores of water bodies and in forests in North America, East Asia and the Caucasus. Witch hazel is a very valuable medicinal plant, which is why in many European countries it is grown in the "
Common Hazel
Common hazel is one of the plants of the family called hazel, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Corylus avellana L. As for the name of the family of common hazel, in Latin it will be like this: Corylaceae Mirb. Description of common hazel Common hazel is known under the following popular names:
Various-leaved Hazel
Various-leaved hazel is one of the plants of the family called hazel, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv. As for the name of the variegated hazel family itself, in Latin it will be like this:
How To Recognize Hazel Diseases?
Hazel has been cultivated by people since time immemorial, and all this time it is periodically exposed to the invasion of various pests and attacks of harmful ailments. True, various diseases do not affect the beautiful hazel very often, but in any case it does not hurt to know how the manifestations of various ailments look on this wonderful plant
Large Hazel
Large hazel (lat.Corylus maxima) - a representative of the Hazel family of the Birch family. It is one of the most common species of the genus. It is cultivated to obtain valuable fruits called "hazelnuts". Other names for the plant are Lombard nut, or Hazelnut.
