2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Large hazel (lat. Corylus maxima) - a representative of the Hazel family of the Birch family. It is one of the most common species of the genus. It is cultivated to obtain valuable fruits called "hazelnuts". Other names for the plant are Lombard nut, or Hazelnut. In nature, large hazel is found in the undergrowth of mixed, coniferous and deciduous forests, often grows in ravines and lowlands. Currently, large hazel is widely cultivated in Italy, Turkey, France, Germany, Sweden, the Balkans and North America.
Characteristics of culture
Large hazel - deciduous shrub or tree up to 10-12 m high with densely pubescent reddish-green annual shoots and branches of ash-gray color. Leaves are broadly oval or round-cordate, green, sometimes with a reddish tint, weakly lobed, pointed at the tips, double-toothed, up to 12 cm long, equipped with oblong stipules. The underside of the leaves is lighter, pubescent along the veins.
The flowers are presented in the form of earrings up to 10 cm long. Fruits are spherical or oblong-ovoid nuts, arranged crowded, from 3 to 8 pieces. The wrapper is fleshy, long, tightly fitting the fruit. Large hazel blooms in April-May, fruits ripen in September-October.
Growing conditions
Hazel prefers light, loose, fertile, moderately moist, humus-rich soils with a neutral or slightly acidic pH reaction. Does not accept waterlogged, strongly acidic, heavy clayey, waterlogged, saline, dry and poor soils. The location is sunny, light shading is encouraged.
Reproduction
Hazel is propagated by a large seed method and by dividing the bush. The second method is less laborious, but quite effective. This method is also suitable for thinning dense plantations. The length of the roots of each cut should be at least 15-20 cm. When planting a crop with seedlings, it is also important to pay attention to the degree of development of the root system and the state of the buds. The kidneys should be puffy or swollen. It is recommended to purchase large hazel seedlings only in specialized nurseries. Saplings with a weak root system, damaged bark and broken shoots are not suitable, they may die in the first year after planting.
Planting of seedlings is carried out in the fall, but until the second decade of October. Spring planting is also not prohibited. The distance between plants in a row should be about 4-5 m, and between rows - 5-7 m. When forming a hedge, a tighter planting is possible. The depth of the planting pit should vary from 60 to 80 cm, depending on the type of soil. Before planting a seedling, a mixture consisting of fertile soil, humus, double superphosphate and wood ash is introduced into the pit, forming a small mound. The root collar of the seedling should be 2.5 cm above the soil surface.
Care
Large hazel has a negative attitude to drought, so the plants need regular and moderate watering. Waterlogging is not recommended. Watering is carried out with warm water at the rate of 8-10 liters per shrub. Also, the soil is loosened systematically in the near-trunk zone. Peat mulching is encouraged.
Hazel is fed annually. For these purposes, both organic and mineral fertilizers are used. During the period of fruit setting, hazel is fed with ammonium nitrate or urea. Hazel is prone to thickening, which means that it requires annual thinning pruning. Forming and sanitary pruning are also important.
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