2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Rhizoctonia potato has another name - black scab. This is perhaps one of the most unpleasant ailments. The degree of its harmfulness is largely determined by a number of environmental factors, the density of planting of nodules, as well as the level of the stock of the infectious agent on the prepared seed material and in the soil. Especially favorable for the development of rhizoctonia is humidity in the range of 60 - 70% and a soil temperature of about seventeen degrees. Excellent conditions for the development of the pathogen are also created on loamy soils
A few words about the disease
Rhizoctoniosis that has suddenly appeared unexpectedly causes the greatest harm at the stage of potato germination. Potato seedlings, together with the eyes, rot rather quickly, sometimes dying even before they emerge on the soil surface. Young shoots appear extremely unevenly, while their attacks often reach twenty percent. In potatoes, the stolons, roots and root necks of the stems are most often affected by the disease. Infection with rhizoctonia leads to a decrease in yield by 15 - 20%, and in some years this figure can reach 30 - 40%. The appearance of the nodules attacked by the misfortune deteriorates markedly.
On potato nodules, rhizoctoniae can manifest itself in different ways. Most often, black fungus sclerotia appear on them, that is, in fact, scab develops. Also, infested tubers are characterized by pitted and slightly deepened spotting, which appears mainly in waterlogged soil and at low air temperatures. And in some cases, net necrosis can appear on the nodules - as a rule, its formation is noted at the stage of mass nodule setting when hot and dry weather is established.
In the underground areas of the stems, as well as on their seedlings, dry rot is formed, which looks like rotten wood (brownish sores of various sizes). And the aboveground parts of the potato are characterized by short stature. They often wither during the daytime, especially if the root system has been affected. The upper leaves along the central veins are twisted in "boats", and green airy tubers are formed in the axils of the shoots.
Black scab is caused by a pathogenic fungus called Rhizoctonia solani. It has the ability to attack potatoes at any stage of development - from germination to harvest. However, the most vulnerable to rhizoctonia at the beginning of the growing season are white seedlings located in the soil.
How to fight
Potatoes are best planted in areas where rye with corn, flax and oats, winter rapeseed and all kinds of perennial cereals previously grew. These are the best predecessor cultures. But after tomato and all kinds of pumpkin crops, as well as after cabbage with sugar beets and clover, it is better not to plant potatoes - these crops favor the accumulation of infection and the early development of the disease. It is important to choose only healthy seed tubers.
Among the most important agrotechnical measures to combat the hated black scab, in addition to observing crop rotation, one can highlight the observance of the optimal timing, as well as the density and depth of planting of tubers, balanced application of various mineral fertilizers and harvesting in a short time, along with desiccation of the tops. However, these measures are not able to completely protect potatoes from a harmful ailment.
Unfortunately, potato varieties that are completely resistant to rhizoctoniosis have not been bred either, there are only a number of varieties with increased resistance: Bryansk novinka, Aspia, Yantarny, Skoroplodny, Udacha, Krasnaya rosa, Volzhanin, Vesna, Alena, Reserve, Nevsky and a number others. The application of organic and mineral fertilizers in increased doses can also help to reduce the manifestation of adversity.
The most effective method of dealing with scab is considered to be chemical. Adequate pre-planting of tubers also usually gives a good effect. Before planting, nodules on stolons are recommended to be treated with Celest Top or Maxim, and a fungicide called Quadris is introduced into the soil. Some bacterial preparations, such as Planriz and Baktofit, as well as Agate and Integral, are also considered excellent tuber disinfectants.
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