2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Five-leafed maiden grape (lat. Parthenocissus quinquefolia) - tree liana; representative of the genus Maiden grapes of the Grape family. Native of North America. Grows in moist forests with rich soils. It is currently used in vertical gardening, both in European countries and in the southern regions of Russia.
Characteristics of culture
The five-leafed maiden grape is a deciduous woody liana, reaching a length of 20 m (specimens up to 30 m long are found in nature) and characterized by rapid growth. Shoots at a young age are reddish, then green, equipped with branched antennae ending in sticky pads of small size, with which the vine is attached to the support.
Leaves are dark green, compound, palmate, petiolate, consist of 3-5 ovate leaflets. The tops of the leaflets are pointed, the edges are serrate. In autumn, the foliage of the maiden five-leaf grape acquires a bright red color. The flowers are small, greenish, sit on thin pedicels, collected in loose umbellate inflorescences, bloom in late spring - early summer. Fruits are dark red, bluish-black or black, up to 7 mm in diameter, inedible for humans, but readily eaten by birds, ripen in August or September.
The first two years, the maiden five-leaf grape grows slowly, but later the plants develop more actively. The culture enters fruiting in the fourth year after planting, then fruiting is annual and abundant, of course, with proper care and adherence to growing conditions. Winter hardiness of maiden five-leaf grapes is average, easily tolerates gas pollution. Shade tolerant and resistant to pests and diseases.
The maiden five-leaf grape has several decorative forms, which are also used in vertical gardening. For example, the wall (f. Murorom) differs from the species under consideration in numerous antennae equipped with suction cups, with the help of which the vines are attached even to smooth supports. No less decorative forms: Engelman (f. Engelmanii) - represented by lianas with small leaves; St. Pauli f. Sanct-Paulii - has elongated inflorescences and strongly branched antennae; hairy (f. hirsuta) - cannot boast of winter-hardy properties, has pubescent leaves and red shoots.
The subtleties of growing
Maiden five-leaf grapes are undemanding to growing conditions. But it develops better in sunny areas with loose, drained, water and air permeable, fertile soil. It easily tolerates partial shade, has a negative attitude towards waterlogged, strongly acidic, saline, waterlogged and heavy soils. Unfavorable to strong winds and lowlands with stagnant cold air and melt water.
Propagated girlish grapes five-leafed seeds, layering and green cuttings. Seed germination is low - up to 40-45%. The rooting rate of cuttings is up to 100%, which is why this method is most often used by gardeners. Sowing seeds of the species in question is carried out in the fall (immediately after collection) or in the spring, but in the second case, preliminary monthly stratification and preparation is required. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water for 2-3 days, periodically changing the water. The seeding depth is 1 cm.
Often, girlish grapes are propagated by layering. The layering (lash) is laid in a trench, fixed with a bracket, covered and watered. The top of the layer (15 cm) is left above the soil surface, giving a vertical position, for this you can use a support. Cuttings are cut from strong and healthy shoots; each cuttings should have 4-5 buds. Cuttings are planted in a substrate, leaving 2 buds above the soil, and watered. It is important to provide the cuttings and cuttings with good care, then they will take root faster.
Planting seedlings
A planting hole for seedlings is prepared in a couple of weeks. The soil removed from the pit is mixed with compost and sand, and mineral fertilizers are applied. Drainage is laid at the bottom of the pit, which can be: broken brick, coarse sand, pebbles or crushed stone. On top of the drainage layer, a hill is formed from a composed substrate, after which a seedling is lowered into the pit, and covered with the remaining soil mixture. A hole is made around the stem, this is necessary so that the water does not spread to the sides, but gets to the root system. Later, a support is installed in the plants, along which the plant will curl. If there is a wall next to the plantings, then no support is needed, because the maiden five-leaf grape has antennae equipped with suction cups, so the plant will climb up, attaching itself to the roughness of the walls.
Care
Watering a girl's five-leaf grapes requires moderate watering - 1-2 times a month, in extreme heat the number of waterings per month is increased to 4. Watering is carried out at the rate of 10 liters per one adult plant. In the spring, maiden grapes are fertilized with nitroammophos and, if necessary, organic matter, at the time of active growth, complex mineral fertilizers are applied under the vines. During the entire gardening period, the soil is freed from weeds and loosened, mulching with humus or peat can be carried out, the optimal mulch layer is 6 cm. Pruning is carried out in the spring, weakened, dry, frozen and damaged shoots are removed.
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