2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Common cherry (lat. Cerasus vulgaris) - berry culture; a representative of the genus Plum, subgenus Cherry, of the Rosovye family. Other names are sour cherry, garden cherry. In nature, it grows on the edges and shrubs of birch, pine, mixed and oak forests, often found in the steppes. Distributed mainly in Western Siberia, in the Urals, in the foothills of Altai and some European countries. Presumably ordinary cherry is a hybrid obtained by natural crossing of sweet and steppe cherries.
Characteristics of culture
Common cherry is a short tree or shrub up to 10 m high with peeling plates and transverse lenticels with brown or dark brown bark. Young shoots are light brown, covered with rare lenticels. Leaves are dark green, pointed at the ends, broadly elliptic or lanceolate, petiolate, up to 8 cm long, equipped with serrated stipules.
The flowers are white, five-petaled, gathered in corymbose or umbellate inflorescences, sitting on short pedicels. Fruits are spherical red drupes, up to 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Fruits have a sweet and sour taste. The stone is ovoid or spherical-ovate, with a seam on the side. Common cherry blossoms in April - May, fruits ripen in June - July. The species in question has a high vegetative mobility, as a result of which it forms a huge number of root suckers.
Common cherry is a frequent visitor to personal backyards and summer cottages, its fruits are used in cooking for making jams, juices, wine, compotes and other sweet canned foods. Plants are often used in field-protective afforestation, for landscaping city parks and gardens, and for fixing ravine slopes. In Russia, the following varieties of ordinary or garden cherries are most popular: Shokoladnitsa, Turgenevka, Bagryanaya, Zhukovskaya, Vladimirskaya, Chernaya krupnaya, Zhagarskaya, Zvezdochka, Zarnitsa, Krasnaya fertile, Anadolskaya, Raduga, Apukhtinskaya, Dessertnaya Volzhskaya, Komsomolskaya and others.
Growing conditions and site preparation for planting
Common cherry is not picky about growing conditions, however, abundant harvests of berries give only on light, water and air-permeable, loose, drained, moderately moist, fertile substrates with a neutral or slightly acidic pH reaction. It is undesirable to plant plants in lowlands, where a large amount of melt water accumulates in spring. The location of the common cherry, as well as for other berry crops, is preferably sunny. Light openwork partial shade is not forbidden.
Poor soils before planting cherries are treated in advance and filled with organic and mineral fertilizers. To get rid of rhizome weeds on the site, clover or any other row crops should be sown. Later, the site is plowed to a depth of 25-30 cm, rotted manure or humus is introduced. Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers can be carried out directly when planting seedlings. They are thoroughly mixed with the soil removed from the pit. Pure mineral fertilizers should not come into contact with the root system of the seedling, otherwise burns cannot be avoided. Strongly acidic soils need preliminary liming; on heavy and compacted soils, high-quality drainage is done.
Reproduction
Common cherries are propagated by sowing seeds, root shoots, green cuttings and grafting. The first method does not allow preserving the properties of the mother plant, therefore it is used extremely rarely. For varietal cherries, vegetative propagation methods are most often used, that is, by root shoots and cuttings. Plants obtained by such methods give the first harvest of tasty and aromatic berries for 2-3 years after planting in a permanent place.
Common cherry cuttings are harvested in the second decade of July in cloudy weather. The optimum cutting length is 12 cm. Each cutting should have at least 4-6 leaves. Cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or seedling box filled with nutrient mixture. Planting depth - 3 cm. The distance between the cuttings is 7-10 cm. The cuttings are kept in bright rooms with an air temperature of at least 20C before rooting. Rooted cuttings are planted in a permanent place next spring.
Care
Common cherry is moisture-loving, but has a negative attitude to waterlogging. The quality of the future berry harvest directly depends on this procedure. Watering is especially important during the formation of ovaries and fruits, as well as during a long absence of rain. Watering is stopped 3-4 weeks before the berries are fully ripe, otherwise they will crack and even worse, begin to rot, and such fruits are not used for culinary purposes, since they have a specific smell.
Common cherry responds positively to top dressing. Fertilizers are applied once every three years, with severe soil depletion - annually in spring. For top dressing, it is recommended to use humus (at the rate of 5-7 kg per 2 sq. M.), As well as complex mineral fertilizers. The use of mullein and wood ash is not prohibited. Loosening and removal of weeds is carried out after watering. For the winter, trunks are mulched with peat or sawdust; in the northern regions, bush forms are covered with non-woven material or spruce branches.
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