2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Vineyard variegated (lat. Ampelopsis heterophylla) - tree liana; species of the genus Vineyard of the family Grape. It occurs naturally in Japan, Korea, northeastern regions of China, South Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and the Primorsky Territory. Typical habitats are river valleys and forests. It is now widely used in the Far East for vertical gardening. It is cultivated both in large city parks and on personal backyard plots. Often the species in question is used as an ampelous plant; it is grown in pots, flowerpots and other containers.
Characteristics of culture
The variegated vineyard is a deciduous woody liana, reaching a length of 7-9 m, equipped with twisting tendrils, with the help of which the plant climbs over the support and wraps around it. The leaves are dark green, glossy, dense, up to 10 cm long, varied in shape - they can be rounded-ovate, three- or five-lobed, or whole. The flowers are inconspicuous, small, monoecious, dioecious, collected in corymbose paniculate inflorescences.
Fruits are round, violet-blue or light blue with dark dots visible to the naked eye. The variegated grape blooms in June, the fruits do not have time to ripen in the middle lane, as a rule, the fruits appear in October, and sometimes even in November. The culture enters fruiting in the tenth year after planting.
Unlike other representatives of the genus, the variegated grapevine is distinguished by its rapid growth, even in the first years of life. The culture is photophilous, but does not tolerate direct sunlight. The species is frost-resistant and highly decorative, which is why it is popular among gardeners and is used for landscaping household and summer cottages.
In terms of external characteristics, the species under consideration is similar to the Ussuri vineyard, or short-stemmed, differs only in the presence of rounded notches located between the lobes and in the varied shape of the leaves. Has a form, referred to as watermelon grape (f. Citrulloides hort.). This form is a liana with berries of various colors - from pale green and lilac to blue and blue.
The subtleties of growing
When growing grapevine in a container, the plants are placed in partial shade, protecting from direct sunlight and cold piercing wind. For the winter, the vineyard is brought into a well-lit and cool room, the air temperature in which varies from 16 to 18C. Vine shoots are attached to the support using fishing line or wire. The pots can be placed near the fence, gazebo or wall of the house, the main thing is to provide support for the plants.
Watering is important for the vineyard, especially in the summer heat. In winter, the vines are watered sparingly - as the soil dries up in the container. The grapevine is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Seeds do not need preliminary stratification. Cuttings do not require treatment with growth stimulants; under optimal conditions and proper care, up to 100% of cuttings are rooted.
In the first three years, vines are transplanted annually, choosing a larger pot, in the future, one transplant in 2-3 years is enough. The soil mixture for filling containers is made up of turf, leaf and humus soil, and sand in a ratio (2: 2: 1: 1). Vines are pruned annually in spring; broken, damaged and dry shoots are removed from plants. When growing grapevine in the open field, shelter is required for the winter.
Diseases and the fight against them
Anthractnosis is a fungal disease that poses a danger to grapes and grapes. It is also called bird's eye or spotted anthracnose. It most often occurs in wet weather, in one season it can reproduce about 25-30 generations. It affects shoots and leaves. It appears as dry spots surrounded by a brownish-brown border. The central part of the speck subsequently dries up and becomes grayish-white. Leaves and shoots are deformed and dry. Sometimes anthracnose affects the brushes, usually before flowering or at the time of berry formation. To combat anthracnose, spraying with fungicides containing copper is effective, for example, Acrobat, Ridomil, etc.
Gray rot is also dangerous for the vine. It affects shoots, leaves, tendrils, flowers and berries. It actively develops in cold summers and damp weather. Parts affected by the disease turn brown over time, become covered with a grayish coating, and then die off. The pathogen easily tolerates winters, remaining in the soil or fallen leaves. It is quite difficult to fight the disease; it is recommended to treat with foundation or infusion of mustard powder.
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