2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 15:51
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Latin name: Allium sativium Family: Onion Categories: Vegetable crops |
Garlic (Allium sativium) Is a popular vegetable crop belonging to the Onion family.
Description
Garlic is represented by a plant consisting of narrow-linear thin leaves and a complex bulb, dividing into cloves. The bulb is rounded, slightly flattened, forms up to fifteen denticles in the sinuses, which fit tightly to each other and are covered with hard scales. The bulb can be white, yellowish, pink-purple or dark purple in color. The denticles are oblong, with a convex surface, slightly thickened towards the middle.
The leaves are narrow, smooth, elongated, pointed towards the end, drooping or erect, 30-100 cm long, with a 1 cm wide keel on the underside. Each leaf grows from the inside of the previous one, resulting in a complex strong stem. Flowering stem (peduncle, arrow) up to 150 cm high, before flowering, twists into a spiral. The inflorescence is a spherical umbrella, consisting of flowers (bulbs) on long pedicels, their number, shape and color depending on the variety.
Cultivation conditions
Garlic is a frost-resistant crop that can easily endure cold winters with air temperatures down to -30C. The culture does not put forward special requirements for the sun, it is resistant to spring frosts, the normal temperature for growing a plant is 15-25C. It is honestly not pretentious to soil conditions, however, its predecessors can only be annual crops - cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes.
Cultivation of winter garlic
Planting winter garlic is carried out in October, but before the onset of cold weather. Later planting dates are dangerous for the culture in that the cloves do not have time to take root and die as a result. The site for the species under consideration should be warm with protection from cold winds. Two weeks before planting, the zubkichko dig the soil and add organic matter and mineral fertilizers to it.
The culture is planted with cloves, which are pretreated in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for the purpose of disinfection. Planting of garlic is carried out in an ordinary way with row spacing of 20-30 cm, and 5-7 cm between the cloves. The seeding depth should be 7-10 cm. Mulch is applied to the ridges with plantings, in winter they will be insulated by the snow cover.
With the onset of spring, they are fed with potassium salt or superphosphate, and they are also sprayed with slurry. Before the formation of the bulbs, wood ash is added to the soil.
Winter garlic care and harvest
Garlic is a moisture-loving crop, it has a negative attitude to drought and heat, for this reason it requires daily watering. Weeding is carried out as needed, but it is very important to keep the ridges clean. Loosening is carried out every three weeks, but very carefully, trying not to damage the forming bulb. In order to increase the yield of winter garlic, the arrows formed during the growth of the crop are removed.
They start harvesting as soon as the leaves turn yellow and fall. The garlic is pulled from the soil, cleaned of the soil and dried in the open sun, after which the stem is cut a couple of centimeters above the bulb itself. Stores winter garlic is recommended in boxes or boxes at home. Better in a dark, ventilated closet.
Subtleties of cultivation of spring garlic
In planting spring garlic, they begin in early spring, immediately after the complete disappearance of the snow cover. The beds for plant cultivation are prepared in the fall: the soil is dug up, organic and mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash) are applied. Before planting the cloves in the ground, they are pre-germinated by wrapping them in a dampened cloth or gauze. After the appearance of roots 1.5 cm long, the teeth are planted in the soil in rows with a row spacing of 20-30 cm. The planting depth is 3-5 cm.
Spring garlic care and harvest
As soon as the first shoots appear on the ridges, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil. It is also important to regularly water, weed and till. They loosen the ridges a couple of times a month. As soon as the leaves turn yellow, start harvesting. The culture is pulled out of the ground, shaken off, dried and pruned. You can store spring garlic in boxes at room conditions.
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