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Latin name: Pyrus Family: Rosaceae Headings: Fruit and berry crops |
Pear (Pyrus) - fruit crop; a genus of trees belonging to the Rosaceae family.
Description
A pear tree is represented by a tree with a pyramidal or rounded crown prone to thickening. Under favorable growing conditions, it can reach rather large sizes - 20-25 m in height and up to 5 m in crown diameter. The main trunk and young shoots of the pear are smooth, with a dark gray, light red bark, cracks form on the bark over time, they can be both transverse and longitudinal. The bark in some species turns outward.
The leaves of the plant are wide, ovoid, slightly pointed, green, from 2.5 to 12 cm long, can be serrate or whole-edged. The underside of the leaves is pubescent, bluish-green. The flowers, located on the pedicels, consist of corymbose inflorescences, in length do not exceed five centimeters. The flowers are equipped with a white or pink corolla
Fruits in the form of false drupes, spherical or ovoid, depending on the species and variety, with green, yellow, light yellow or red peel. The seeds of the pear are brown and reddish-brown, round or oval in shape, narrowed towards the tip. The flowering culture lasts about two weeks, it can take place in the third decade of April - the first decade of May. Fruits appear no earlier than three years after planting the seedling in the ground.
Popular types
* Common pear - represented by rather tall trees, the trunk and branches of which are covered with brown-yellow bark. The leaves of the plants are dark green, smooth, about 6-7 cm long. The flowers are white, collected in a scutellum. Fruits are spherical, slightly flattened, yellow in color, have a rather tart taste characteristics, up to five centimeters in diameter. The flowering of the common pear is observed in mid-May, the fruits enter the ripeness phase in the first decade of September.
* Ussuri pear - represented by trees reaching a height of 10-12 m. The branches bear rounded, purple-green foliage. Flowers are collected in shields, white. The fruits are ovoid, greenish-red in color, very juicy. Ussuri pear blossoms in mid-May.
* Shaggy pear - represented by small trees no more than five meters high. Leaves are oval, wide, 4-8 cm long, entire, with a serrated edge, pubescent on both sides. The flowers are medium-sized, collected in shields, regular shape, white with a pinkish tinge. The fruits are round, yellow-green. Flowering is observed in mid-May, the fruits ripen in October-November.
* Willow pear - represented by low trees up to three meters high. It has spiky, ash-colored branches. The leaves are narrow-lanceolate, whole-edged, silvery or gray, 3-9 cm long. The flowers are small, white in color, collected in shields. Fruits are ovoid or spherical, golden or yellow, speckled
Landing
For pear cultivation, sunny areas with loose soil are preferable, capable of passing enough moisture and air for the normal growth and development of pears. Planting pear seedlings is best done in the fall, although it is possible in the spring. Pits are prepared for planting in a couple of weeks, the optimal planting time is the third decade of September - early October. The pit should be about 150 cm in diameter and about 90-100 cm deep.
The top layer of soil removed from the pit is mixed with mineral fertilizers (phosphorus, nitrogen and potash) and organic matter (peat or rotted manure) and wood ash. Fresh manure is not suitable for these purposes, as it can damage the roots. At the bottom of the pit, a hill is formed from a part of the prepared mixture, on highly acidic soils, liming is preliminarily carried out, after which the seedling is lowered, evenly distributing the roots along the hill. The voids are filled with the second part of the soil mixture and carefully tamped. The root collar of a pear seedling is not buried. Immediately after planting the seedling, watering is carried out (20 liters of water per 1 plant), mulching and tying the seedlings to stakes.
Care
Caring for the culture does not cause any particular difficulties. It consists of systematic watering, loosening the near-trunk zone, removing weeds, pruning and controlling pests and diseases. Young trees require more careful maintenance, especially during the winter season. The best irrigation system for the crop is sprinkler irrigation, although a 15 cm wide groove near the trunk circle is acceptable, into which water is carefully poured. Watering is carried out twice a month, more often in dry weather. Watering rate 30 liters per 1 sq. m. area of the trunk circle. Loosening is carried out immediately after the spill, such a procedure allows the soil to be saturated with oxygen, which has a beneficial effect on the roots of plants and their health in general.
It is recommended to apply fertilizers only in the second year after planting. Feeding with organic fertilizers is carried out every three years, and mineral fertilizers - every year. For 1 sq. m. of the area of the trunk circle, on average, about 9-10 kg of humus, 25-30 g of potassium chloride and 15-20 g of urea are consumed.
Formative and sanitary pruning of the crown of the pear is also necessary to obtain high yields of fruits. In the tenth year after the planting of the culture, excess skeletal branches are cut off, and the semi-skeletal branches are shortened. The plant is formed every year at the beginning of spring before sap flow. They also carry out sanitary pruning, it involves the removal of old and broken branches.
Recommended:
Prickly Pear
Opuntia (Latin Opuntia) - a genus of thorny plants of the Cactaceae family (Latin Cactaceae). There are about two hundred species in the genus Opuntia, being the largest plant community in the prickly Cactaceae family. Its juicy oval "
Why Do Pear Fruits Crack?
Hardworking gardeners have to deal with such an unpleasant phenomenon as cracking of pears not so rarely. And there can be a great many reasons for this! Only one thing is certain - cracked pears lose their attractive appearance and become absolutely unsuitable for storage, as they deteriorate much faster, so they must be eaten first of all! So why do these tasty and juicy fruits crack, and is it possible to somehow prevent this phenomenon?
Saving A Pear From Rust
If spots of red color appear on the leaves of a pear, which grow rather quickly and lead to premature fall of leaves, on the back of which growths appear in the form of small "horns", then, most likely, the malignant fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae has settled on your tree
How And How To Treat Pear Rust?
A healthy garden is the key to an excellent harvest of berries and fruits. But, unfortunately, shrubs and trees are often exposed to various diseases, the pear is no exception. The most common and dangerous disease is considered to be rust. If you notice red spots and outgrowths-horns on the foliage, it began to fall prematurely, which means that your pear needs urgent treatment! How and how to help the tree?
Subcutaneous Viral Spot Of Pear
Subcutaneous viral spotting of pears contributes to a significant decrease in pear yield. In addition, quince with apple trees (most often in a latent form) can also suffer from this unpleasant ailment. Fruits of pears with hard and convex formations are the result of their defeat by subcutaneous viral spot. It is often not possible to get rid of this scourge, therefore, special attention should be paid to preventive measures in order to prevent the occurrence of such an unpleasant ailment
