2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The pear plumage causes the greatest harm to pears growing in the forest-steppe and in the steppe. The harm is mainly caused by adults and larvae, sucking juice not only from fruits, but also from shoots, pedicels, leaves and buds. All the affected parts of the vegetation are characterized by underdevelopment, the ovaries with leaves fall off, the twigs dry out, and the fruits become woody and take on a very ugly shape. Also, fruit trees affected by pear coppers are generally weakened. Hot and dry weather greatly contributes to the development of these pear enemies
Meet the pest
The size of the imago of pear coppers reaches 2, 5 - 3 mm. The color of the bodies of these pests can vary from dark brown to black-orange. Mainly the summer form of parasites is painted in black and orange tones. Pear coppers are endowed with dark brown abdomens, light brownish thighs, pale yellow hind hopping legs and two pairs of transparent wings. The scutes of the mesonotum are orangeish with yellowish areas at the corners, and the antennae are painted in pale yellow shades.
The oval eggs of pear coppers reach a length of 0.3 mm and are equipped with short stalks. It is noteworthy that freshly laid eggs are colored milky white, and after a while they turn light orange. Endowed with rounded tummy, flat larvae initially have a light yellow color, and then it can vary from yellowish-greenish to various brown shades. Oblong nymphs 1, 6 - 1, 9 mm long are colored brownish-green and endowed with tiny antennae equipped with seven segments.
Wintering of adults takes place in cracks in tree bark, in crevices and under fallen leaves. In early spring, when the average daily temperature reaches minus two to minus three degrees, they begin to get out of their hiding places (in the forest-steppe this usually occurs in mid-March, and in the southern regions - at the end of February or early March). When the thermometer rises to five degrees, pear coppers begin to mate, and at a temperature of 10 degrees, they already lay eggs.
The lifespan of overwintered females ranges from thirty to forty-five days. However, for such a short time, they manage to lay from four to six hundred eggs, laying them at intervals of five to six days in several doses. The laid eggs in the form of chains are placed on the pedicels and at the base of the buds. And subsequent generations lay eggs in groups already on the leaves. Each such group contains from twenty to thirty eggs.
Eight to ten days after laying the eggs, the rather hungry larvae are reborn. First of all, they penetrate into the blossoming buds, and a little later they move to the ovaries, leaf petioles, young shoots and pedicels. After five molts, the voracious larvae turn into adults - as a rule, this transformation occurs at the end of the flowering of pears. The full development of these pests from the stage of eggs to adults takes about 17 - 25 days. After fledging, two or three days later, pear suckers mate and lay eggs, giving a start to the development of the second generation. Fertility in summer generations is quite solid - from 700 to 1200 eggs, and on average, pear parasites lay 20 - 80 eggs per day.
The development of pear coppers in the forest-steppe occurs in four generations, and in the southern regions - in five, and these generations can overlap.
Harmful pear coppers secrete sugary sticky excrement. It is noteworthy that they secrete them in fairly substantial quantities, and therefore, during the mass reproduction of parasites, almost all trees and even the soil in the near-trunk circles are covered with such an unpleasant substance. Surfaces contaminated in this way become fertile soil for the development of harmful saprophytic sooty fungi.
How to fight
Natural enemies of pear coppers are spiders, ground beetles, sirphid flies and predatory bugs - they are very good at helping to reduce the number of these parasites.
An interesting and rather effective way of dealing with pear tines is the treatment of fruit trees with a solution of silicate glue - such glue is diluted with cold water and at the time of vigorous activity of parasites they treat the trees with it. On the enemies of pears, such a solution forms waterproof covers, which contribute to the disruption of their breathing and cause rapid death. It is also recommended to fumigate pear trees with tobacco smoke.
In the case of mass colonization of fruit trees with pear coppers, they switch to spraying with insecticides. A good result will help to achieve "Akarin", "Decis" or "Karbofos". Measures applied against moths and a number of other pests will also be effective against these parasites.
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