2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Carrot flies harm carrots and are found almost everywhere. Most of them live in places with high humidity, in the west of woodland and in the forest-steppe zone. To make the carrot harvest happy, you have to fight with carrot flies
A few words about the enemy of carrots
The size of these pests is 4 - 5 mm. Their body is pale black, with a slightly greenish tint, transparent wide wings also have a greenish tint, and the legs and antennae are yellow. Eggs of carrot pests 0.6 mm long; they are oval, light (milky white), have oblong ribs and taper in the form of a stalk at the rear ends. The size of the larvae is 6 - 7 mm, the larvae themselves are shiny, painted in a pale yellow color, their posterior end is rounded, and the front end is pointed. The brown oval-shaped false cocoons in these parasites reach 5 mm in length.
Pupae of carrot flies winter not only in the surface layer of soil in cradles, but also in vegetable stores. As soon as the ground warms up to 15 - 17 degrees in May, flies start flying out, which occurs during the flowering period of rowan and apple trees. Flies additionally feed on the nectar of the flowers of umbrella plants and try to stay in damp and slightly shaded places.
Eggs are laid by females on the soil near forage plants, mainly in the evenings. The total fertility of females is 100 - 120 eggs, and the duration of egg laying is 20 - 25 days. The reborn larvae already 5 - 10 days later eat into the carrots, forming very winding passages in it. They feed inside root crops for 20 - 25 days, then, leaving them, pupate in the soil at a depth of 4 - 10 cm (in false cocoons). Flies of the new generation appear in 12 - 15 days, while the larvae of the second generation develop much longer - about 40 - 50 days. The larvae that have finished feeding pupate already in the surface layers of the earth in cradles, in which they stay until the onset of spring. A certain proportion of these parasites ends up in vegetable stores with the harvested carrots.
In total, two generations of carrot flies develop throughout the year. On the plants damaged by them, the leaves turn purple-black, and then, turning yellow as the roots rot, they begin to dry out. Carrots, eaten by the second generation larvae, almost completely lose their taste, and, accordingly, their suitability for consumption.
How to get rid of carrot flies
Pupae, larvae and laid eggs of parasites are destroyed by funny ground beetles, predatory thrips, as well as rove beetles and other insects. Ichneumonids also quickly infect larvae.
A good, but not always realizable, measure of protection is the distance of 500 - 1000 meters of new carrot crops from last year's. Since carrot flies fly rather weakly, this measure significantly reduces the risk of them settling new crops. Regular weeding and breakout of carrots also make crops much less attractive to carrot enemies. In order not to attract pests when thinning, a tablespoon of black or red ground pepper is diluted in a bucket of water, and before thinning, without insisting this remedy, you should spray the carrots with this infusion. The above amount of funds should be enough for about 10 square meters. And at the end of the second thinning (it falls somewhere in the beginning of July), young plants should be watered with a bucket of water with boric acid (2 - 3 g) and potassium permanganate (3 g) diluted in it. One bucket of the composition is enough for about 3-4 square meters. This procedure, which is repeated 20 days later, will produce a good harvest of pure carrots. Just before watering with this composition, root crops must first be watered with ordinary water. To prevent carrots from cracking and not becoming "horny", at least 4 - 5 cm should be left between the plants when thinning. At the end of the harvest, it is recommended to carry out autumn plowing.
You can grow onions or garlic between root vegetable beds to scare off carrot pests.
Insecticides are used when the number of parasites begins to exceed one egg in two dozen plants. Spraying with a biological product "Aktofit" is often used - 10 ml of this product is diluted in 5 liters of water. Processing should be carried out at the rate of 100 square meters - 5 liters.
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