2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Nematodes affect a huge number of all kinds of crops, but tomatoes with cucumbers suffer most from their vigorous activity. Parasitizing in the roots of vegetation, nematodes inflict quite serious damage on it. On the roots affected by these pests, the formation of swellings and galls is often noted - growths of root tissues in the form of growths. The vessels of the roots quickly become clogged, and nutrients with water gradually cease to flow into them. As a result, the plants begin to stagnate and subsequently wither and die off. The nematode can damage plants at any stage of their development
Meet the pest
Nematodes (leaf, stem and root) are round, small worms that develop in a humid environment: inside plants, on plants, or in the soil. They can affect the most diverse parts of vegetation - roots, stems, leaves, buds, flowers and seeds. The tissues of these organs are pierced by parasites with a stylet and digestive enzymes that disrupt the normal functioning of various organs are injected into them. As a result of such destructive activity of this pest, the growth and development of vegetation is inhibited, the buds dry out, the stems are deformed and bent.
Nematodes are well preserved in the form of invasive larvae and eggs in the substrate. Their eggs are kidney-shaped and tiny - up to 0.01 mm. And hibernating eggs are often generally found in the shells of the bodies of females.
The best conditions for the life of nematodes are considered to be the substrate moisture content in the range of 60 - 80% and the temperature from 22 to 28 degrees. The development cycle of one generation in this case will last from twenty to thirty days.
How to fight
In the non-growing season, thermal disinfection of the soil is carried out. Methyl bromide treatment is very effective, but this gas is deadly and extreme care must be taken when handling it. The agrobiological method is also quite widely used, which consists in the use of various fishing crops.
In August or early September, after harvesting, it is recommended to sow the plots with various grain crops (ideally winter crops) - such a move will help not only partially destroy the harmful nematode, but also increase soil fertility. First, the site must be thoroughly cleaned of plant debris and weeds, then the soil must be thoroughly loosened, and only after that to a depth of two to three centimeters, sow cereals randomly. And with the onset of stable frosts, the soil is dug up together with the sown winter crops, while making a full rotation of the layers. In this case, the soil will be enriched with various organic substances, and some of the nematodes will freeze out.
The cultivation of varieties resistant to this pest will also help to reduce the number of nematodes in the soil. Usually on packages with resistant varieties or their hybrids there are special indices - the index N indicates nematode resistance. At the same time, it should be noted that some varieties may lose their resistance at high temperatures.
In the fight against nematodes, preparations based on chitosan are often used, as well as such chemicals as Vidata, Oksamil, Aldicarb. Thanks to these funds, you can harvest a fairly decent harvest. A number of sources recommend paying attention to the 40% "Carbation" (2 kg is taken for 10 square meters). After adding this drug to the soil, it must immediately be sealed to a depth of about fifteen centimeters. "Nematofagin", a mushroom preparation, will also do a good job.
There is also a preparation practically safe for humans from an ecological point of view - Fitoverm (powder, 0.2%), which has an effective effect on nematode larvae. After it is introduced into the ground, the enemy larvae do not die immediately, but they lose their ability to feed and infect the roots of vegetation, and subsequently die from exhaustion.
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