2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The essence of grafting fruit crops is the engraftment of cuttings taken from another tree on one tree. And this procedure brings a lot of benefits, because it allows not only to get different varieties of crops on one tree, but also contributes to a significant increase in frost resistance of fruit crops, as well as the renewal of old trees in the event of a decrease in their fertility. Currently, there are several different vaccination technologies, but most often summer residents still resort to budding or grafting for the bark. What is the essence of these methods?
Budding
Especially often this technology is used in nurseries, because with its help "wilds" are very quickly cultivated. The essence of budding is to inoculate the so-called dormant buds, that is, eyes, while you can safely take four or five buds from each cutting at once, that is, this procedure is not only fast enough in terms of execution, but also very economical!
As a rule, budding is carried out at the stage of active sap flow - most often this period falls at the end of July or the beginning of August, although the more exact dates, of course, depend solely on the climatic conditions characteristic of each particular region. By the way, it is not so difficult to determine the beginning of this period - the bark on trees and shrubs begins to peel off slightly.
For budding, it is best to take seedlings, the thickness of the branches of which reaches one centimeter. However, before starting the procedure, the base should be carefully prepared - it is necessary to cut off all the branches from the sections of tree trunks located below, leaving about five to seven multidirectional skeletal branches in the crowns. And in the role of scions are annual shoots that are in the stage of active growth, which can boast of already formed buds and decently strengthened wood. Ideally, cuttings should be harvested from their middle part, making sure that their length is in the range of ten to fifteen centimeters. Then, having cut out the eyes along with pieces of wood (their average length is three centimeters), they are immediately transferred to the rootstocks, having previously made small T-shaped cuts on the bark at the grafting sites. All eyes are wound behind the bark and immediately tied. And to make this procedure easier, the stem of the stock is thoroughly washed with a damp cloth before starting the procedure.
After about one and a half to two weeks, you need to make sure that the budding really succeeded - the stock should have already taken root during this time. If this did not happen, the procedure is completely permissible and repeated - the main thing is that the timing allows and the tree bark continues to peel off slightly.
Bark grafting
This method is almost as popular as budding, however, most often they resort to grafting for the bark if the scion and rootstock differ significantly in thickness. Quite often, such a procedure is carried out in relation to overgrown seedlings after budding has failed. At the same time, such vaccinations are carried out during the period starting from the start of sap flow and ending with the moment of its entry into the active stage.
The rootstocks cut for hemp are taken as the basis for the vaccination, and the shoots that are in the dormant stage or are already starting to enter the awakening phase are used as scions (they are all cut into two or three buds).
On the stumps, where vaccinations will be carried out, small incisions are made on the bark, the size of which should not exceed two and a half or three centimeters. Then the lower sections of the scions are cut off under the bevel and immediately, without hesitation, they are wound right behind the bark. And then the places of future fusion are tightly tied and covered with a fairly thick layer of garden putty.
Sometimes some summer residents make not only longitudinal cuts in the scions, but also horizontal cuts - this approach greatly improves contact. It is not for nothing that such horizontal cuts are usually called "saddles" - it is with these "saddles" that each stump is planted on a stump.
Grafting for the bark allows two or three shoots to be grafted onto the same base, and this is very convenient! Have you ever had a chance to vaccinate fruit crops? And what vaccination methods did you use for this?
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