2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Black goldfish is a harmful inhabitant of the steppe regions. It can often be seen in some forest-steppe regions. This villain seriously harms such fruit crops as apricots, cherries, peaches, thorns, cherries, plums and almonds. She will not refuse to feast on a pear with a hawthorn. The larvae are mainly harmful - if they get to the tree roots and to the cambium, the tree attacked by them can quickly die. Black goldsmiths are especially dangerous in young gardens and nurseries
Meet the pest
Black Goldfish is an incredibly harmful matte black beetle with a body length ranging from 27 to 29 mm. The pronotum covered with a white waxy bloom in these pests is transverse, and their width slightly exceeds the width of the elytra. The abdomens of black goldfish are practically naked and densely covered with large scattered dots. The wedge-shaped elytra tapering backward are also equipped with rows of dots, and the antennae of the gluttonous parasites are rather short.
The average size of elliptical white eggs of black gold beetles is about 1.5 mm, and the length of the bodies of the larvae that have completed development reaches sixty to seventy millimeters. All larvae are characterized by strongly expanding prothoracic segments and are colored yellowish-white. Pupae, which grow up to 26 - 28 mm in length, have pronounced rudiments of adults.
The larvae that have completed development overwinter in oval chambers located near the root necks, which are gnawed by pests in the wood. From above, such chambers are usually covered with a small layer of bark. It happens that bugs also hibernate, only the place of their wintering, in contrast to the larvae, is the surface soil layer. Pupation of larvae is observed in late May or early June, as soon as the soil warms up to twenty degrees.
The bugs start emerging ten to twelve days after pupation. Harmful parasites immediately rise into tree crowns and start supplementary feeding there. Pests gnaw leaf petioles, and sometimes completely gnaw them, gnaw bark of shoots and gnaw tiny buds. They are especially active on hot and sunny days. And these insects fly from mid-May to about July. By the way, their life expectancy is quite high - females can live up to 370 days. Sometimes bugs even overwinter safely.
Mating females make their way into the soil and begin to lay eggs closer to the root collars in the folds of the tree bark. Their total fertility reaches an average of one hundred and twenty eggs. The best conditions for the development of pests are considered to be a relative humidity in the range of 60 to 66 percent and an air temperature of about twenty-seven degrees. And in the case of an increase in air humidity up to seventy to eighty percent, the bulk of the eggs die en masse (up to 90% of the total number of eggs laid).
The embryonic development of black gold beads lasts from ten to fifteen days. The larvae hatching from the eggs immediately make their way under the bark of the roots. They especially love the roots, the diameter of which ranges from 0.5 to 3 centimeters. In them, pests gnaw through rather wide passages for two whole seasons, which are subsequently clogged with brownish flour. For black golds, a two-year generation is characteristic.
How to fight
In order to get rid of black goldfish, regular watering should be carried out - they not only provoke a quick death of eggs, but also contribute to the abundant release of gum by trees. And in this gum, a significant part of the gluttonous larvae subsequently perishes.
If about ten percent of the trees are inhabited by black golds, and also if there are a couple of bugs for each tree, it is advisable to start insecticide treatments. They give a particularly good effect at the very beginning of the mass colonization of trees with harmful parasites.
The black gold beetle also has natural enemies - their larvae and eggs are destroyed by ground beetles, as well as earwigs and some other arthropods. Also on these pests of fruit crops, tahinas parasitize, infecting in some seasons up to thirty to forty percent of harmful black goldfish.
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