2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The yacon, known since the time of the Incas, is just beginning to gain the trust of vegetable growers in our country. Many people give up halfway through the work they have begun. The main condition is to learn how to properly propagate a new culture
Reproduction
Yacon can be grown in three ways:
• seeds;
• green cuttings;
• tubers.
For our conditions, the seed option is not suitable. Too short a summer will prevent the plants from going through a full development cycle. Let's consider the last two points in more detail.
Green cuttings
At home, in early February, yacon tubers are planted in 10-15 liter containers. They are waiting for the germination of the green mass. Start grafting when the side branches reach a size of 10 cm. For reproduction, you can use the central shoot, dividing it into small pieces.
A section of the stem with one or two pairs of leaves is cut out. The bottom is treated with a root stimulator. Cuttings are planted obliquely in boxes with a nutritious mixture of sand and peat, light in composition. Perlite is added if desired.
Moisten the soil. Cover with foil through the arcs. Landings are aired daily. As necessary, watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate to exclude fungal diseases. Additionally, they are supplemented with diode lamps. Daylight hours are about 16 hours at a temperature of 20-22 degrees.
At the end of April, the boxes are transferred to the greenhouse. Growing seedlings is carried out in greenhouses, replanting young bushes to the beds.
Tuberous propagation
Many gardeners believe that it is enough to throw the yacon tubers into the soil, like potatoes, to grow powerful specimens. There are no growth buds on the tubers themselves. They are concentrated at the base of the stem, like dahlias. In order not to be mistaken when dividing a large bush, germinate it in a humid environment. The long process begins in mid-February.
The bottom of large boxes is lined with plastic wrap. A wet cloth soaked in water is laid on top.
Tubers are treated with drugs for fungal diseases. An average concentration of potassium permanganate solution has similar properties. Whole bushes are laid out on a cloth. Cover with foil on top. They are placed in a warm place.
The nursery is ventilated daily. Moisten the material as it dries. When sprouts appear, the shelter is removed. Plants are carefully cut into pieces. In each, one or two kidneys are left.
Sections are treated with brilliant green solution or sprinkled with ash. Allow the wounds to tighten slightly.
Prepare soil from sand, peat, compost in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The pots are provided with drainage holes. A layer of expanded clay is laid out on the bottom. A little bit of soil. They are planted one by one in a container with a diameter of 20-30cm. The remaining volume is filled with soil. Seals well. Sprinkle with water.
Placed on sunny windows. Arrange additional lighting so that the plants do not stretch, the stems are formed strong.
The seedlings are fed twice with an interval of 2 weeks with the complex fertilizer "Zdraven Universal" 1.5 grams per liter of water. Water as needed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
After 2 months, the yacon is ready to be transplanted into the open ground. Young seedlings are afraid of a cold snap. Temperatures closer to zero degrees cause their 100% death. Therefore, the landing dates are guided by the weather conditions of the area.
To speed up the process, they put temporary film shelters. With the onset of heat, they remove the protection.
Diseases and pests
A useful vegetable is liked not only by people, but also by pests. In protected ground, it is affected by whitefly, spider mites. In the beds, the wireworm gnaws at the holes in the tubers.
Excessive waterlogging of the soil during the growing period leads to the development of mucous bacteriosis, which completely destroys the roots.
We will consider the technology of growing yacon in the open field in the next article.
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